血流

The present study initially put forward that the overestimation to underestimation of actual flow rates by the flow rates calculated using the hemispheric flow convergence method is due to the gradual change of isovelocity surface area in different zones of the flow convergence region, which was proven in our in vitro, animal and human studies.

7血流会聚法对二尖瓣狭窄瓣口面积、室间隔缺损分流量的确定也是一种较为准确、可靠及影响因素较少的方法。(8)本研究首次提出由于不同血流会聚区等速表面形态变化导致半球血流会聚方法计算流量从高估到低估实际流量的论点，并在离体、动物及人体研究证实。

According to the echocardiography,enlarged internal diameter of left ventricle was found in 8 patients and short-axis fractional shortening of left ventricle 5% in 3 patients.Six out of the above 8 patients presented with shortening of accerlerating time,decreasing of accerlerating time/right ventricular ejective time value and moving forward of spectral peak in different degrees.All patients were given antianginal drugs such as β-recepter blockers,nitrate preparations and part by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,diuretics and digoxin,The illncss of 29 patients were gradually controlled within one week.Three patients with AD were complicated by acute left heart failure.No obvious changes in FS of left ventricle were found on echocardiography by bed.

测量肺动脉瓣口血流频谱，左心室内径增大的8例中有6例出现不同程度的血流加速时间缩短，血流加速时间/右心室射血时间比值减小，频谱峰值前移。31例均给予β受体阻滞剂、硝酸酯类等抗心绞痛治疗，部分给予血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、利尿剂和地高辛，其中29例在1周内卧位型心绞痛逐步得到控制。3例卧位型心绞痛发作时合并急性左心衰竭者，在床旁观察超声心动图，发现左心室短轴缩短率无显著变化，给予利尿剂、减轻前后负荷等治疗，急性左心衰竭得以纠正。

A total of 45 hip joints with Perthes'disease were examined with ultrasound imaging including CDFI in order to observe the characteristics of hip joints blood supply, while the normal hip joints in the same 45 cases were examined as the controls.

第二部分超声评价Perthes病髋关节血流目的：应用CDFI观察Perthes病患儿髋关节内血管的彩色多普勒血流成像特征，探讨CDFI在评价Perthes病髋关节血流的临床应用价值。

Results: 72 cases with intrauterine residual and 8 cases with endometritis-like echo showed local blood flow increase, appearing type low resistance arterial blood flow spectrum, RI.6, 6 cases without blood flow signal are obsolescent blood clot.

结果：72例宫内残流物及8例宫内膜炎性改变的病例显示局灶性血流丰富区，呈低阻力型动脉血流颇谱，RI.6；6例未探及有血流信号的病例为陈旧性血块。

In Group A,one sample was found blood current tenuity at 14 days,one was occlusive in the femoral vein at 28 days ,the blood current ran into the vena cava posterior through the branch stem.The others were normal .And in Group B,there were one sample in each phase obliterative in the femoral vein because of relapse . For scanning electron microscopy result,Group A had a process which the injury of endothelial cells were from lower-grade to repair.

结果：1。影像学检查DSA下行血管造影见C、D两组术后第7天、14天和28天股静脉血流通畅，无明显充盈缺损或闭塞，A组第14天造影1只家兔股静脉血管纤细，血流尚通畅，第28天造影见1只家兔股静脉闭塞，血流从侧枝进入后腔静脉，其余时相股静脉血流通畅无明显异常；B组第7、14、28天造影各见1只家兔股静脉闭塞，其余未见明显异常。

METHODS: In 10 open-chest anesthetized pigs, myocardial deformation was studied before and during dobutamine infusion, under control and ischemic conditions produced by various degrees of coronary artery constriction: 2 of nonflow-limiting stenoses of increasing severity reducing left anterior descending artery hyperemic flow by 40% and 70% and 2 flow-limiting stenoses reducing resting coronary flow by 25% and 50%.

10只麻醉开胸的猪以各种程度的冠脉压缩制作为缺血状态组或对照组，研究其多巴酚丁胺灌注前后心肌损伤情况。2只无血流限制狭窄猪模型予以渐增的左前降支血流充盈减少分别为40％和70％，2只血流受限狭窄猪模型减少剩余冠脉血流25％和50％。

Part three: Hemodynamic changes of intramyocardial microvascular by ultrasound in diabetic patients Objectives: To observe and analyze the hemodynamic changes of intramyocardial microvascular which is caused by intramyocardial microvasculopathy in diabetic patients using TTDE. Methods: 27 normal subjects and 50 patients were studied.

第三部分糖尿病患者心肌内冠状动脉的血流动力学变化目的：应用冠脉血流显像技术观察糖尿病患者静息状态下心肌内冠脉分支血流，分析糖尿病患者发生的冠状动脉微血管病变带来的血流动力学改变。

Methods 50 patients with diabetes and contrast group were observed, with transcrianial color Doppler flow imaging, cerebral blood stream velocity; pulsative index,resistive index and S/D were calculated of middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery Results (1)Changes of cerebral blood stream velocity were non-specifitical in blood waves of TCDFI, but VE was reduced.

经临床诊断糖尿病50例，行TCDFI检测大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉等血管的血流速度指标及搏动指数、阻力指数，收缩期血流速度/舒张末期血流速度及频谱形态分析与健康组对照比对分析。结果(1)TCDFI频谱中，血流速度的变化，Vmax是非特异性的，而VE是明显下降的。

Methods:Baseline intramyocardial flows in left ventricular anterior wall in 15 normal subjects and in 14 patients with coronary artery diseasewere examined by CDCFI and pulse-wave Doppler.Then Albunex(0.08ml/kg)at bolus and after 15 min interval dipyridamole(0.56mg/kg)was injected within 4 mins respectively and intramyocardial flow in the anterior wall was observed sequentially.Results:In all normal subjects and 13 patients with CAD,color flow signals could be displayed scatteredly in the anterior wall.

应用冠脉血流显像技术检测15例正常人和14例冠脉造影证实为前降支中段和近段狭窄的冠心病患者前壁心肌内血流，显示清晰二维彩色多普勒信号后，应用脉冲多普勒探测血流频谱；分别在不同时刻经静脉注射Albunex 0.08ml/kg和潘生丁0.56mg/kg后，观察前壁心肌内彩色多普勒血流信号和频谱变化。

Every group rats were divided into two parts with the same rats. At last the rats were redivided ,then them were killed and their brains were excluded after one hour.4 hours or one week.Results PO2 and cerebral blood flow of E-selectin 2mg/kg group were higher than that of saline and lower than that of l0mg/kggroup(p.01).The volume of cerebral infarct and blood speed of E-selectin 2mg/kg group was smaller than that of saline and larger than that of l0mg/kg group(p.01).At the same time PCh.speeds.flows and the volume of infarct were related with the time (p.01).Conclusion E-selectin can effectively increase PC2 and rCBF after ischemia and reperfusion .reducing infarct volumes and speeds of blood at the same time . Artificial synthetic E-selectin can effectively reduce the reperfusion injury following cerebral ischemia.

结果 生理盐水组，2mg／kg组，10mg／kg组PO_2值依次提高(p＜0.01)，脑皮质血流量依次提高(p＜0.01)；脑血流速度依次减低；脑梗死体积依次减少(p＜0.01)；同时在测定的时间段里PO_2和脑组织血流量值与时间成正相关(p＜0.01)；脑梗死体积和脑组织血流速度值与时间成正相关(p＜0.01)。E一选择素在脑缺血再灌注损伤中表达的实验研究中文摘要结论E一选择素能增加脑缺血再灌注损伤的脑组织氧饱和度，脑血流量，减低脑血流速度；减少脑损伤体积；从而保护了脑缺血再灌注损伤的脑组织。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。