血吸虫

The levels of schistosome circulating cathodic antigen in serum and urine were detected parallelly by McAb-Dot-ELISA. In 81 acute cases, the positive rates in serum and urine were 96.30% and 66.67%(P＜0.01) but the combined positive (positive in serum and／or in urine) rate reached 100%, while in 109 chronic cases, they were 77.06% and 10.09%(P＜0.01) but the combined positive rate was not increased. In 100 healthy individuals from non-endemic areas, no positives were detected in serum and urine with false positive rate of 0%. The cross reaction rates in serum and urine of 51 cases with clonorchiasis were 9.43% and 0% but all were 0% in 48 cases with ancylostomiasis.

提要 应用McAb-Dot-ELISA平行检测血吸虫病人的血清和尿样(浓缩20倍)中日本血吸虫肠相关趋阴极循环抗原。81例急性血吸虫病患者的血清和尿样的阳性率分别为96.30%和66.67%，而血清和尿样组合检测的阳性检出率提高至100%。109例慢性血吸虫病患者的血清和尿样的阳性检出率分别为77.06%和10.09%，组合检测的阳性检出率没有提高。100份健康人的血清和尿样的假阳性率均为0%。54例华支睾吸虫病患者的血清和尿样的交叉反应率分别为9.43%和0%。48例钩虫病患者的血清和尿样的交叉反应率均为0%。

Each year 280,000 people die of schistosomiasis also known as ( bilharzia 住血吸虫) or snail fever.

每年有28万人死于血吸虫病，此病也叫做裂体血吸虫或蜗牛热。

Elimination schistosome cercaria can cut off the infection channel of schistosome and destroy its lifecycle, consequently prevent people from infecting.

杀灭血吸虫尾蚴，切断血吸虫的感染途径，破坏其生命周期，是彻底根除血吸虫病的最有力方法。

It is the most powerful means of eradicating schistosomiasis. Current method of elimination cercaria is mainly the chemical method which has many disadvantages such as drug resistance, drug dilutedness, environmental pollution and poisoning the other biology, etc. For these reasons, this paper poposed a new method of elimination through high-voltage pulsed electric field, discussed the feasibility of the new method, studied the elimination mechanisms of using different forms of electrodes, analyzed various factors which influences the effect of elimination and introduced the structure of high-voltage pulsed electric field system at the stage of laboratory. Moreover, this paper showed the security problems that should be considered during the research and experiment.

针对常用的化学药物杀灭法存在的易使尾蚴产生抗药性、水域宽广致使药效降低、污染环境、毒杀其它生物等弊端，本文提出了一种利用高压脉冲电场杀灭血吸虫尾蚴的新方法，探讨了这种电子杀灭方法的可行性，分别研究了采用锐形电极和平板电极的血吸虫尾蚴杀灭机理，分析了影响尾蚴杀灭效果的各种因素，介绍了实验阶段血吸虫尾蚴高压脉冲电场杀灭系统的构成，指出了系统研制和试验过程中需要充分考虑的安全性问题。

Objective To reduce the cost of snail control on the high risk areas with schistosomia infection and to reduce the cost in the prevention of the infection by cercaria, we aim to develop a new method to kill cercaria with the niclosamide-containg sawdust ball.

目的为降低血吸虫病易感地带的灭螺成本，防止人群感染血吸虫病，根据血吸虫尾蚴聚集于水面的生态特点，研制锯木屑氯硝柳胺缓释剂用于灭蚴的新方法。

Methods In a mountainous endemic region of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province, random samples of the villagers aged 10 - 70 years from three natural villages were examined by using the modified Kato-Katz's quantitative thick smear technique for parasitological stool examination, and the sera from the villagers were tested with the kits of DDIA, ELISA and COPT for immune examination respectively.

方法在云南省大山区型血吸虫病流行区，选择3个自然村作为调查现场，随机抽取10-70岁的村民作为调查对象，进行血吸虫病病史个案调查；收集粪便标本，采用改良 Kato-Katz法(1送3检)作病原学检查；静脉采血，分离血清，分别采用DDIA诊断试剂盒、酶联免疫吸附试验诊断试剂盒和环卵沉淀试验诊断试剂盒进行血吸虫病免疫学诊断。

The present situations of the bovine schistosomiasis in Jingzhou Hubei,were investigated with serological diagnosis;afloating the schistosome eggs with saturated brine;and hatching of miracidium.

日本血吸虫病在我国流行历史悠久，据湖南长沙马王堆西汉女尸与湖北江陵西汉男尸体内发现血吸虫卵的事实，证明2 100余年前我国长江流域已有日本血吸虫病流行。

The first chapter described the lifecycle, the distribution of schistosome, the harm of schistosome and the significance of elimination schistosome, then pointed out the background of this research and the main content of the entire paper.

第一章描述血吸虫的生长周期及分布、血吸虫对宿主的危害，说明杀灭血吸虫的重大意义，指出本文的研究背景和主要内容。

We have obtained the anti-SEA IgY antibody, established and optimized the double antibody sandwich ELISA system to detect SEA of S. japonicum from the sera of acute and chronic patients with schistosomiasis and normal persons. The cross-reaction with sera of paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis and hookworm infections were also investigated. Our results demonstrated that the IgY-ELISA method was effective in evaluating the therapeutic effect in different parasitic burden of infected mice, which provides a novel technique for clinical diagnosis of S. japonicum infection.

本研究成功制备并鉴定了抗SEA的IgY，进行了理化性质的研究，成功建立且优化了IgG-IgY ELISA检测体系，用于正常人，急性血吸虫病患者血清和慢性血吸虫病患者血清的检测，以及肺吸虫、华支睾吸虫、钩虫患者血清的交叉反应性的分析，对感染血吸虫的小鼠进行了疗效考核，为血吸虫病的诊断提供了有效的辅助诊断方法。

The histological observation showed that the larvae of S .japonicum in superinfected snails were sluggish in development, irregular, shrunken, deformed, relatively small in number as compared with the control. The sporocysts contained few germ balls or immature cercariae and most of the digestive glands of superinfected snails were atrophiej.

组织学观察发现各双重感染组钉螺消化腺萎缩，消化腺盲囊间隙只有少量血吸虫子胞蚴，血吸虫子胞蚴皱缩、变形及不规则，且子胞蚴中只含稀疏的尾蚴胚球，有的子胞蚴中已无胚球；而单独感染血吸虫的对照组中血吸虫均发育到成熟的子胞蚴或尾蚴。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。