血

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

The results show that it is much reasonable to evaluate pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese drug which treat thoracic obstruction cardialgia in the acute myocardial infarction models with blood stasis in rats.

大鼠"血瘀证"下急性心肌梗死模型与单纯急性心肌梗死模型在心电图变化上存在明显差异，在血流动力学各项指标上无明显差异，提示采用"血瘀证"下急性心肌梗死模型来评价治疗胸痹心痛中药的药效学更为合理。关键词：血瘀；心肌梗死；大鼠 Wistar；血流动力学；心电描记术

Methods The peripheral blood lymphocytes,sera of 55 patients with rheumatic carditis and a specific antigen from group A streptococcal cell membrane were prepared and used as stimulants to test the heart tissue cell procoagulant activity in culture.

用风湿性心脏炎患者的外周血淋巴细胞、血清及A组乙型溶血链球菌膜抗原作为刺激物，测定体外培养的人胚心肌细胞促凝血活性。

HPCA was measured by using a one-stage plasma recalcification clotting time.Results The peripheral blood lymphocytes from rheumatic carditis patients can stimulate the procoagulant activity of human heart tissue cell in vitro.But the sera of rheumatic carditis patients and group A streptococcal cell membrane can not increase HPCA.

结果 患者的外周血淋巴细胞能使HPCA明显升高；静止期风心病、风湿性关节炎、其他疾病对照组及健康对照组患者的外周血淋巴细胞均无此特性，迁延活动型风湿性心脏炎患者的血清及A组乙型溶血链球菌膜抗原对HPCA也无直接影响。

French surgeon Alexis Carrel devises a way to prevent clotting by sewing the vein of the recipient directly to the artery of the donor.

法国外科医生亚历克西斯卡雷尔发明了一种通过缝合受血者静脉和供血者动脉来防止凝血的方法。

The blood pressure of.1 of pathology physiology mechanism that SAS causes CVD breathes time-out to be able to bring about airframe in elevatory Morpheus anoxic, sympathetic is excessive and excited, element of serous catechu phenolic amine, kidney and hemal endodermis element are elevatory, bring about hemal easy of hemal convulsion; to shrink the function is disorder, can make blood-vessel flowing flesh happening reframes and fleshy, systemic blood-vessel obstruction adds element of the kidney when; is chronic and anoxic, system of hemal and nervous element is activationed, bring about blood pressure to lift. Obstruction of way of energy of life of patient of OSAS of disease of blood of 1.2 low oxygen increases, cause air current to interrupt, breath pauses, at the same time airframe gets used to low oxygen environment gradually, breathing centre drops to low oxygen and sensitivity of disease of blood of tall carbonic acid, breath suspends a frequency increasing, farther aggravating airframe is anoxic. 1.3 heads are self-adjusting the function drops normal person changes quickly in systematic circulation blood pressure when, the head can be passed adjust independently functional generation protects effect, make change of cerebral blood flow not big.

SAS诱发CVD的病理生理机制。1血压升高睡眠中呼吸暂停可导致机体缺氧，交感神经过度兴奋，血浆儿茶酚胺、肾素以及血管内皮素升高，导致血管痉挛；血管舒缩功能紊乱，可使血管平滑肌发生重构和肥厚，全身血管阻力增加；慢性缺氧时肾素—血管紧张素系统被激活，导致血压升高。1.2低氧血症OSAS患者气道阻力增加，造成气流中断、呼吸暂停，同时机体逐渐适应低氧环境，呼吸中枢对低氧和高碳酸血症敏感性下降，呼吸暂停次数增加，进一步加重机体缺氧。1.3脑自动调节功能下降正常人在体循环血压快速变化时，脑可通过自主调节功能产生保护效应，使脑血流量变化不大。

Methods For the test of hemolysis in vitro mock circuit, a particular blood bag was used as a mock circulation loop and the sheep blood were used as the circulating medium.

利用特制血袋作为模拟循环管道，羊血作为循环介质，采用标准溶血指数衡量体外溶血实验性能。

Through a study of 504 cases of observation group with eye-signs in blood stasis syndrome and 112 cases of control group without eye-signs in BSS,it has been found that in the observation group, the scores of the blood concentration,viscosity, aggregability and coagulability,level of plasma thromboxane B2(TXB2),and the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 α were obviously higher than those in the control group,but level of 6-keto-PGF1 α was obviously lower than that in the control group; the above-mentioned param...

本研究通过对504例血瘀证目征观察组和112例非血瘀证目征对照组研究发现，观察组血液浓稠性、粘滞性、聚集性和凝固性积分值，血浆血栓素B2（TXB2）水平、TXB2／6－酮－前列腺素F1α（6－keto－PGF1α）比值均明显高于对照组，而血浆6－keto－PGF1α水平明显低于对照组，表现为血液高粘滞综合征者占90.08％，明显高于对照组2.68％，两组比较均有非常显著性差异（P＜0.001）。本研究为血瘀证目征提供了部分病理基础。

By measuring changes of Plasma levels of GMP-140, GP lib/III a and D-dimer in patients with OSAS before and after the institution of nasal continuous positive airway pressure, we want to study whether plate activation and enhance coagulability, fibrinolytic activation occur and play a role in prevalence ofcerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in patients with OSAS and the association with hypoxemia, if so, whether therapy with nCPAP alters this effect.

我们通过检测OSAS患者血浆α-颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)、血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa和D-二聚体的变化，了解OSAS患者体内是否也存在血小板活化、凝血激活和继发纤溶亢进及其与低氧血症的关系，进一步从分子生物学角度探讨血小板活化、凝血激活和继发纤溶亢进在OSAS发生发展中的作用及经鼻持续气道正压通气对其影响。

Serum PT, APTT, Fib, and D-dimer were measured with an automatic coagulometer on d 0, 3, 7, 14 when YH16 was used.

YH16使用前1d及使用后3、7、14d空腹采集外周静脉血，用全自动血凝仪检测凝血酶原时间、纤维蛋白原、部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间和D二聚体。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。