蠹

Among the most destructive enemies of the apple orchard are the codling moth, various species of mites, the woolly aphid, the apple maggot, the red-banded leaf roller, and scale insects.

庄稼损伤在苹果树的最破坏性的敌人之中是小蜘蛛的苹果蠹蛾、各种各样的种类，绵蚜、苹果蛆、红色被结合的卷叶蛾和介壳虫。

Basil persuaded Constantius to summon a general council, Ancyra being proposed then Nicomedia; but the latter city was destroyed by an earthquake; Basil, therefore, was again at Sirmium in 359 where the Arianizers had meanwhile regained their footing With Germinius of Sirmium, George of Alexandria, Ursacius and Valens, and Marcus of Arethusa, he held a conference which lasted until night.

罗勒说服constantius传召总理事会，安该拉建议，然后尼科美底亚，但后者的城市被摧毁了地震灾害；罗勒，因此，又一次来到锡尔缪姆在359那里arianizers曾同时苏醒过来，立足与germinius的锡尔缪姆，乔治的亚历山德里亚， ursacius和蠹，马库斯的arethusa ，他举行了一次会议，一直持续到深夜。

An experiment was conducted to study the antifeeding effects of ethanol, ethyl acetate and water solutions of linoleic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, and n-nonanoic acid against imago of Pissodes punctatus. Absolute antifeeding rate and relative antifeeding rate were used to appraise the antifeeding effects of organic acids.

为了寻找华山松木蠹象(Pissodes punctatus Langor et Zhang)环境友好的防治方法，研究了亚油酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、壬酸的酒精溶液、乙酸乙酯溶液和水溶液对华山松木蠹象成虫的拒食作用，采用了完全拒食虫率与相对拒食率来评价有机酸的拒食效果。

Maturation feeding weevils displayed higher anemotaxis responses to -β- pinene, myrene and limonene than those of sexually matured weevils; whereas - carene, which was detected only in volatiles of trunk phloem, elicted more olfactory respones of sexually matured weevils than of maturation feeding weevils.

在华山松枝梢挥发物中含量较高的-β-蒎烯、月桂烯和柠檬烯引起补充营养期华山松木蠹象较大的趋向反应；在华山松树干韧皮部挥发物中含量较高的3--蒈烯则引起交尾产卵期的华山松木蠹象较大的趋向反应。

The research showed that:(1) Dendroctonus micans and Ips nitidus responded to pheromone of low concentration,which demonstrated that the olfactory response threshold of these two species to pheromone was very low,and the response value increased with the concentration.

研究结果表明：(1)云杉大小蠹与光臀八齿小蠹均能对其较低浓度的虫体信息素成分产生嗅觉反应，说明其对虫体信息素的感受阈值较低；且随着虫体信息素浓度的增大，反应值增加。

Pest trapping effect and maxium attraction distance of sex pheromone on Dendroctonus valens were studied. The results showed that the attractant was strongly attractive to the adults of D.

应用中国科学院动物研究所提供的大小蠹类植物性引诱剂对红脂大小蠹Dendroctonus valens LeConte成虫进行诱杀效果和最大引诱距离试验。

According to the international methods of pest risk analysis and characteristics of urban forestry in Beijing,a quantitative risk assessment system in Beijing for the main non-indigenous pests was proposed.This system was used to analyze three non-indigenous species, Dendroctonus valens,Hyphantria cunea and Apriona swainsoni. The results show that the risk of these three species in the Beijing area is 2.46, 2.30 and 2.02, all highly risky.

该文参照国际上有害生物风险分析方法，结合北京地区城市林业特点，提出北京地区重大外来有害生物风险量化评估体系，并应用该评价体系，进行了红脂大小蠹、美国白蛾、锈色粒肩天牛对北京地区的风险评价。3种有害生物的量化评估值分别为红脂大小蠹2.46、美国白蛾2.30和锈色粒肩天牛2.02，因此对北京地区而言，3种昆虫皆为具高度风险的森林有害生物。

The location and structures of sex-pheromone-producing gland in female H.insularis were studied by EAG,GC,SEM,and TEM.These studies showed that thegland situate in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninthabdominal segments,and is an eversible abdominal fold;Many plump cones disturbon the surface of the gland.The glandular cells of 2-day old virgin female H.insularis are arranged in one layer,among which the central cells are columnarepithelial cells and flat on two sides.The nucleus is irregular elliptical.There isevident conjugation between cells and the involution is more in the basal membraneof cell.Microvilli are distributed on the cytoplasmic membrane and linked withendocuticle on which there are many layers of chitin,and the outer cuticule is staineddeeper.The cell contains bubbles,mitochondria,glycogen deposits,roughendoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

结合触角电位、毛细管气相色谱、扫描电镜、透视电镜等技术对小线角木蠹蛾雌蛾腹尖末端不同组织部位提取物的测定分析以及腺体位置和形态结构的观察发现：小线角木蠹蛾性信息素分泌腺位于腹部末端8～9节之间，是一个由节间膜特化而成的上皮结构，为一可外翻的腹褶，腺体表面分布着饱满的锥形体，羽化后2天未交尾的雌蛾腺体细胞呈单层排列，腹面中央由密集的柱形上皮细胞组成，细胞排列向两侧延伸至背部，其形状由柱形逐渐变为扁平形，细胞核为椭圆形，细胞与细胞间有明显的胞连接，细胞基底膜基褶较多，质膜上分布着微绒毛，并与内表皮连接，内表皮上有多层几丁质，外角质层染色较深，细胞质中含有空泡、线粒体、脂质粒、粗面内质网和光面内质网。

Type genus of the Scolytidae comprising numerous small bark beetles.

由许多棘胫小蠹构成的棘胫小蠹科的模式属。

Any of various small , cylindrical beetles of the family Scolytidae that burrrow along the surface wood directly beneath the bark of trees , causing extensive damage .

棘胫小蠹：棘胫小蠹科的一种圆柱形小甲虫，直接沿着树皮下的树木表层打洞，引起大面积损伤

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。