螺钉

Result Followed up by 5～23 months , all cases fixated with anterior compressive screw of odontoid.

结果 15例手术均采用单枚螺钉，螺钉退出1例，螺钉偏心固定1例，位置优良13例。

On the morphologic CT scan, the angle and length of the transarticular screw trajectory, the distance between the tip of the screw and the vertebral artery and the sagittal safety angle were measured.

通过CT重建，测量经关节固定螺钉的角度、长度、螺钉尖与椎动脉的距离，并确定经关节螺钉矢状面的安全进钉角度（sagittal safety angle，SSA）。

The excellent and good rate was 89.13%. In the DHS, there were 2 cases with greater trochanter fractures, 1 case with over boring, 2 cases with pulmonary infections, 2 cases with urinary system infection and 1 case with coxa vara. In hollow pressing whorl bolt internal fixation, there were 1 case with coxa vara and 1 case with deep phlebothrombosis.

采用动力髋螺钉固定者术中大转子骨折2例，髋螺钉孔钻孔过深1例，术后发生肺部感染2例，泌尿系感染2例，髋内翻1例；采用空心加压螺钉固定者术后出现髋内翻1例，发生深静脉血栓1例。

The excellent and good rate was 89.13%. In the DHS, there were 2 cases with greater trochanter fractures, 1 case with over boring, 2 cases with pulmonary infections, 2 cases with urinary system infection and 1 case with coxa vara. In hollow pressing whorl bolt internal fixation, there were 1 case with coxa vara and I case with deep phlebothrombosis.

采用动力髋螺钉固定者术中大转子骨折2例，髋螺钉孔钻孔过深1例，术后发生肺部感染2例，泌尿系感染2例，髋内翻1例；采用空心加压螺钉固定者术后出现髋内翻1例，发生深静脉血栓1例。

Screw including chipboard screw, drywall screw, self-tapping screw, machine screw, wood screw in DIN, ANSI, JIS, NF, B.S., and also some no-standard special required screw.

螺丝钉包括：各种标准和非标准纤维板钉、墙板钉、自攻钉、机螺钉、木螺钉、特殊螺钉。

The length of the screw is selected according to the transverse diameter of the calcaneocuboid articular surface, and the direction of the screw is determined according to the inner tilt angle.

跟骨骰骨关节面下方的骨量丰富，骨小梁致密，是螺钉植入的理想位置；应根据跟骨骰骨关节面的横径选择螺钉的长度，根据该关节面的内倾角决定螺钉的进钉方向。

objective to compare the effects of hip arthroplasty and ao compressive cannular in treatment of the displaced fracture of femoral neck in elderly.methods from 1995.5 to 2004.11, 78 elderly patients of over 65 years old with displaced femoral neck fracture were operated with hip arthroplasty and ao compressive cannular.

目的 比较人工关节置换术与ao加压空心螺钉术治疗老年人有移位股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法将1995年5月～2004年11月我院收治的78例年龄在65周岁以上的有移位的新鲜股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性研究，将病例分为a、b两组，a组为人工关节置换组，b组为ao加压空心螺钉治疗组。ao加压空心螺钉治疗组随访12～91个月，平均41.7个月，随访人工关节置换组12～96个月，平均40.3个月。

One screw penetrated into the occipitoatlantal joint, and the other one slightly breached the ertebral artery grooe but did not injure ertebral artery. None of these 2 screws was associated with clinical sequelae. There were 2 patients who had postoperatie iatrogenic C2–C3 instability on dynamic radiograph, which did not need treatment.

一颗螺钉穿入寰枕关节，另一颗螺钉轻微突破椎动脉沟但是未损伤椎动脉。2颗螺钉均为带来临床后遗症。2个病人在动态影象学观察下出现术后医源性C2-3失稳，但不需要处理。

Abstract］ objective to explore the accuracy and safety of safety drillprepared for cervical pedicle screw trajectory.methods fourteen adult cadaver specimens of cervical spine（c3～c7）with intact structures including ligaments and perivertebral muscles were reserved and used.according to the radiographic measurements,safety drill was inserted into cervical pedicle individually.the evaluation of the drill's trajectory was carried out by ct scan and three-dimension reconstruction and autopsy.results one hundred and forty drill's trajectories were made.9 holes failed with a perforation rate of 6.4%.conclusion the safety drill prepared for cervical pedicle screw hole is safe and effective and can be applied and popularized clinically.

目的 探索安全钻头应用于颈椎弓根螺钉孔道钻探的安全性与准确性。方法随机取14具福尔马林浸泡的成人颈椎标本（c3～c7），保留完整的脊柱三柱结构及相关的韧带和椎旁肌，根据影像学测量的进钉点和进钉方向，模拟颈椎后路手术过程。选用安全钻头，进行实际的颈椎弓根螺钉孔道的钻探，将孔道行ct扫描，并斜位三维重建孔道形态，并以肉眼直视观察结果为金标准，评价孔道钻探的成败。结果钻探孔道准确率89.3%（125/140），穿孔率6.4%（9/140）。结论安全钻头应用于颈椎弓根螺钉孔道钻探的安全性与准确性均较高，可以在临床上推广使用。

But they are not effectie against translatory or rotatory forces, and a high failure rate has followed.12–14 In order to increase the stability, Magerl and Seeman added transarticular C1–C2 screws, which hae mechanical adantage and lead to a higher fusion rate (range,87%–98%).15–19 We found that all the reports in the recent English literature were screws combined with wires or clamps.

这些方法不能提供对抗横移和旋转力两，有报道的较高失败率12-14。为了提高稳定性，Magerl和Seeman在增加了经关节C1-C2螺钉，该螺钉具有力学优势并能提高融合率（范围在87%~97%）。15~19 我们发现进来的英文文献都是使用的线或椎板钳和螺钉结合的技术。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。