融合的

For ALIF, this ranged from 0.8 (complete, 100% fusion) to 3.3 (solid fusion of the posterior 25% disc space). For PLIF, the numbers were more aried, ranging from 0.7 (complete, 100% fusion) to 6.9 (solid fusion of posterior 25% disc space with bilateral facetectomy). For intertranserse process fusion, the least motion was with a solid bilateral fusion, with medial healing to the pars (2.0); the greatest motion was found with a solid unilateral fusion without medial healing (6.0). Interspinous process fusion allowed only 1.9 of motion.

前路椎间融合，范围是0.8度（完全、100%融合）到3.3度（后方椎间隙25%的稳定融合）；后路椎间融合范围较大，是0.7度（完全、100%融合）到6.9度（伴有双侧峡部近内侧融合的后方椎间隙25%的稳定融合）；横突间植骨融合，最小值2.0度是双侧偏内侧稳定融合，最大值6.0度是单侧且不偏向内侧融合；椎板棘突间植骨融合只出现1.9度的活动度。

For ALIF, this ranged from 0.8 (complete, 100% fusion) to 3.3 (solid fusion of the posterior 25% disc space). For PLIF, the numbers were more varied, ranging from 0.7 (complete, 100% fusion) to 6.9 (solid fusion of posterior 25% disc space with bilateral facetectomy). For intertransverse process fusion, the least motion was with a solid bilateral fusion, with medial healing to the pars (2.0); the greatest motion was found with a solid unilateral fusion without medial healing (6.0). Interspinous process fusion allowed only 1.9 of motion.

前路椎间融合，范围是0.8度（完全、100%融合）到3.3度（后方椎间隙25%的稳定融合）；后路椎间融合范围较大，是0.7度（完全、100%融合）到6.9度（伴有双侧峡部近内侧融合的后方椎间隙25%的稳定融合）；横突间植骨融合，最小值2.0度是双侧偏内侧稳定融合，最大值6.0度是单侧且不偏向内侧融合；椎板棘突间植骨融合只出现1.9度的活动度。

Results The fusion rateof iliac autograft or cage implantation was satisfactory,but that of allograft was lower.

结果 自体髂骨植骨融合与cage植入融合的融合率均较令人满意，异体骨植入融合的融合率相对较低。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cyto-plasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methy-lation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribu-tion of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastcysts fellowed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro.After fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos was very high as well as two-cell diploid embryos in vivo.Then the embryos was rapiddly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus fused completely.After that, the DNA methylation levels of fused embryos were gradually increased until the blastocysts stage.However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation was established in an vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than in the trophectoderm, in most vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在囊胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Airspace Image Fusion such as simple fusion method (pixel average, maximal or minimal pixel selection), Frequency-domain image fusion methods include the multiresolution image fusion techniques based on multi-scale pyramid decomposition, and the image fusion method based on wavelet transform Image Pre-processing like Filter processing (neighborhood average filter, median filtering method) and Image Registration.

首先介绍了图像信息融合的概念、优势、发展历史和应用领域，并介绍了图像融合的三个层次及常用的空域图像融合方法，空域融合方法有像素平均法、像素最大最小法、像素加权平均法，频域融合方法包括图像的多尺度分解、图像的小波变换、基于小波变换的图像融合方法。

Objective: The experiment will to observe: 1、the compound composed of carriers and rhBMP-2 excels or is similar to autologous iliac crest in posterolateral intertransverse spine arthrodesis in rabbits, 2、it may eliminated thd nonuions, 3、To explore the biologic process in spine arthrodesis and the role that accelaterated spine arthrodesis, 4、the roles of HA in spine fusion, by those compounds are used in posterolateral intertransverse fusion in rabbits.

目的：本实验通过rhBMP-2、HA复合物在兔子腰椎后外侧横突间融合的过程，观察了解：（1）rhBMP-2复合物在兔子腰椎后外侧横突间融合中，其作用能否优于或至少与自体髂骨相同，能否取代自体髂骨，免去取骨术。（2） rhBMP-2复合物的应用能否消除不融合的发生。（3）进一步了解脊柱融合的生物学过程，及rhBMP-2在脊柱融合生物学过程中所起的作用。（4）探讨HA在脊柱融合中的作用。

Methods. A validated 3-dimensional, nonlinear finite element model of an intact adult human L3-L4 motion segment was developed. Four fusion types were simulated using this model, including anterior lumbar interbody fusion, posterior lumbar interbody fusion, intertransverse process fusion, and interspinous process fusion.

制作一个完整的成人腰3-4节段三维立体多元化模型，再用这个模型来制成4种融合方式的模型，包括腰椎前路椎间融合、腰椎后路椎间融合、腰椎横突间植骨融合、椎板棘突间植骨融合；而且达到融合的程度也不尽相同。

1 After comparison of sum fusion and optimal fusion, sum fusion was selected as the fusion scheme for local test statistics. For the distributed CFAR detection based on the above three local statistics and sum fusion: CA-R-SUM and OS-R-SUM, CA-S- SUM and OS-S-SUM, Max-OS and Min-OS, Max-CA and Min-CA, their analytic expressions of detection performance were derived for and in nonhomogenous background.

2.1 通过求和融合与最优融合的性能对比，确定了以求和融合做为对局部检测统计量的融合方案；推导出了基于上述三种新的局部检测统计量和求和融合的分布式 CFAR 检测方案： CA-R-SUM 和 OS-R-SUM 、 CA-S-SUM 和 OS-S-SUM 以及 Max-OS 和 Min-OS 、 Max-CA 和 Min-CA 在、条件下在非均匀杂波背景中检测性能的解析表达式。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。