蝶鞍的

The most two common used approach of saddle area operation (extemal ethmoid approach and transnasal sphenoid approach) was observed.

观测鞍区手术最常用的二种进路经鼻外筛窦蝶窦时路及经鼻中隔蝶窦进路的相关影像解剖。

Any type of pituitary tumor may also produce hypopituitarism and local mass effects secondary to the expanding intrasellar mass.

任何类型的垂体瘤都可能引起垂体功能减退和局部质量效应，这些是蝶鞍内逐渐扩大的肿块引起的。

Results:The distance from the front wall of sphenoid sinus to the nasal spine was 56.5±5.9 mm for left and 54.9±7.2 mm,44.3±6.5 ,,for left and 44.0±6.5 mm for right to nasion.

观测鞍区手术最常用的二种进路经鼻外筛窦蝶窦时路及经鼻中隔蝶窦进路的相关影像解剖。

Results:The distance from the front wall of sphenoid sinus to the nasal spine was 56.5±5.9 mm for left and 54.9±7.2 mm,44.3±6.5 ,,for left and 44.0±6.5 mm for right to nasion.The average distance from middle point of sphenoid saddle bottom to nasal spine was 74.5±6.4 mm for left and 73.8±6.8 mm for right,60.9±7.2 mm and 60.2±7.8 mm to nasion.

结果：前鼻棘至蝶窦前壁的平均距离：左侧：56.5±5.9mm；右侧：54.9±7.2mm；鼻根点至蝶窦前壁的平均距离：左侧：44.3±5.6mm；右侧：44.0±6.5mm；前鼻棘至鞍底中点的平均距离：左侧：74.5±6.4mm；右侧：73.8±6.8mm；鼻根点至鞍底中点的平均距离：左侧：60.9±7.2mm；右侧：60.2±7.8mm。

The average distance from middle point of sphenoid saddle bottom to nasal spine was 74.5±6.4 mm for left and 73.8±6.8 mm for right,60.9±7.2 mm and 60.2±7.8 mm to nasion.

结果：前鼻棘至蝶窦前壁的平均距离：左侧：56.5±5.9mm；右侧：54.9±7.2mm；鼻根点至蝶窦前壁的平均距离：左侧：44.3±5.6mm；右侧：44.0±6.5mm；前鼻棘至鞍底中点的平均距离：左侧：74.5±6.4mm；右侧：73.8±6.8mm；鼻根点至鞍底中点的平均距离：左侧：60.9±7.2mm；右侧：60.2±7.8mm。

The sphenoid sinus was classified according to degree of pneumatization towards sphenoid bone,small wing of sphenoid bone and epippium.Results:The sphenoid sinus could be divided into five types such as concha type,pre-sella type,semi-sella type,sella type and sella-occipital type.

观测蝶窦气化发育的情况，根据蝶窦向蝶骨体、蝶骨小翼及鞍背气的情况，根据蝶窦向蝶骨体、蝶骨小翼及鞍背气化的程度进行分型分度。

Here we review the perioperative concerns surrounding surgery to remove adenomas and decompress the sellar space.

这里我们回顾一下外科摘除腺瘤和蝶鞍内减压所涉及的手术期间的厉害关系。

①Headache at different levels was the commonest symptom for benign and malignant lesions. The visual loss was another common symptom. It is important to realize the relationship between visual symptom and space-occupied lessions in sphenoidal sinus and sellar area;②Imaging study is very important for the diagnosis of the lesions in sphenoidal sinus and sellar area;③It is helpful to do needle-aspirating biopsy under endoscopy to confirm the pathologic diagnosis.

①良恶性病变均以头痛为第一常见症状，眼部症状为第二常见症状，掌握眼部症状与蝶鞍占位的关系对及早诊断意义重大；②影像学检查对此区域病变的发现和诊断起着重要作用；③内窥镜的应用及镜下穿刺活检亦对诊断十分有帮助。

Results:77.5% of sphenoid ostia can be identified by endoscope directly.The distances from sphenoid ostia to the superior and lateral wall of sphenoid sinus,the foramen of sphenopalatine artery,the anterior wall of sella,posterior nasal septum and nasal column were 9.6±4.1 mm,9.2±1.8 mm,11.1±1.6 mm,14.7±3.6 mm,3.6±0.5 mm and 61.6±3.7 mm respectively.

结果：77.5%的蝶窦口内窥镜直接窥见，窦口距离蝶窦顶壁、外壁、蝶腭动脉孔、鞍前壁、鼻中隔后端分别为8.6±3.1 mm、9.2±1.8 mm、11.1±1.6 mm、14.7±3.6 mm、3.6±0.5 mm，距离鼻小柱根部前缘61.6±3.7 mm，与鼻底夹角31.8°±5.2°。

OBJECTIVE: The widespread use of the endoscope in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery has recently contributed to the extension of the approach beyond the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale for the management of lesions located in the suprasellar area, either with an endoscope-assisted or purely endoscopic technique.

目的：近年来，经蝶垂体腺瘤手术中内窥镜的广泛应用有助于将该入路向鞍结节和蝶骨平台扩大，应用内窥镜辅助技术或单纯内窥镜技术，可用来治疗位于鞍上区的病变。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。