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Review articles only; ear; acoustic; hearing loss; deafness; ototoxicity; otorhinolaryngeal; vestibulocochlear; cochlea; sound; bioacoustics; organ of Corti; semicircular canals; cochlear implants; binaural; monaural; tympanic; malleus; incus; stapes; ear drum; geniculate; inner ear hair cells; outer hair cells; round window; oval window

唯一综述；听觉；声学的；听力损失聋的；耳毒性；otorhinolaryngeal；前庭蜗；耳蜗；声音；生物声学的；柯替氏器；半规管；耳蜗植入管；两耳的；单耳的；鼓膜的；锤骨；砧骨；镫骨；耳鼓；膝状的；内耳毛细胞；外毛细胞；圆窗；卵圆窗

Ear; acoustic; hearing loss; deafness; ototoxicity; otorhinolaryngeal; vestibulocochlear; cochlea; sound; bioacoustics; organ of Corti; semicircular canals; cochlear implants; binaural; monaural; tympanic; malleus; incus; stapes; ear drum; geniculate; inner ear hair cells; outer hair cells; round window; oval window

听觉；声学的；听力损失；聋的；耳毒性；otorhinolaryngeal；前庭蜗；耳蜗；声音；生物声学的；柯替氏器；半规管；耳蜗植入管；两耳的；单耳的；鼓膜的；锤骨；砧骨；stapes；耳鼓；膝状的；内耳毛细胞；外毛细胞；圆窗；卵圆窗

As a result,the tooth profile equations, helix angle equations,limit curve equations and induced normal curvature equations for worm and internal gear are obtained.

介绍了一种新型的传动机构超环面行星蜗杆传动，运用啮合理论的包络法建立了这种传动中行星轮与蜗杆、行星轮与内齿轮啮合的基本方程，进而得到了蜗杆和内齿轮的齿面方程、螺旋升角方程、界限曲线方程及诱导法曲率方程等。

The distribution of pressure in double volute is symmetry 180°, there is refluence on the tongue, there are also refluence and strike in the channel, the flux is different ,the degree of them are different.After analyzing the phenomena in a detailed way, we find there is unreasonable area in the design of volute.

双蜗壳内的压力分布呈180°对称分布，靠近蜗壳内侧的压力大于蜗壳外侧的压力，在隔舌处存在回流，在过渡流道内存在回流与撞击，流量不同，撞击和回流的程度不同。

Part three:Cochlear on Hair Cell Like Cells Regeneration in Presbycusis C57BL/6 Mice after Math1 Gene Inner Ear TransfectionIn order to test the probability of Mathl gene induces hair cell like cells regeneration in cochlea of presbycusis C57BL/6 mice,8 mounths old C57BL/6 mice were used for this study and were microinjected with Ad-MathlorAd-EGFP in the scala tympani by ventral approach.

第三部分老年性聋模型小鼠C57BL/6耳蜗鼓阶外源基因Math1导入后出现毛细胞样细胞现象的观察为了观察老年性聋C57BL/6小鼠(8月龄)耳蜗鼓阶外源基因Math1导入后能否在老年性聋的耳蜗微环境诱导出新生的毛细胞样细胞，为Math1基因治疗老年性聋进行探索性研究。

A worm and worm wheel gives a large speed ratio but with significant sliding.

4，蜗轮蜗杆 Worm Gears 涡轮和蜗杆可获得很大的降速比，但是存在严重的相对滑动。

Through analyzing the cutting theory for the teeth of Archimedes worm and worm wheel ,this paper studies the method of modeling the worm transmission based on SolidWorks software and establishes the corresponding mathematics model.

通过对阿基米德蜗杆蜗轮齿面切削原理的分析，探讨了在Solid Works软件中阿基米德蜗杆传动的建模方法，并建立了相应的数学模型。

While the worm surface is generated by contact lines of the generant traditionlly.

计算结果表明，在双自由度运动下，母面无论是直线，平面还是圆弧面曲面，，包络加工蜗杆的过程都是点接触形式，蜗杆表面都是由接触点生成；而在传统上，蜗杆表面都是由母面上的接触线生成。

The most important part of an electronic cochlea system is the multiple-channel receiver-stimulator implemented in this thesis, which will be implanted into the mastoidal cavity nearby the cochlea. Data signals transmitted by an external speech processor are received through a tuned inductive coil. The power supply for the receiver-stimulator is derived from the rectified and filtered data signals. Meanwhile, the clock and the data envelope are extracted.

本文实现的多道（22根电极）电子耳蜗接收刺激器是人工电子耳蜗系统中的重要组成部分，它将直接被置入患者耳蜗附近的乳突骨腔中，通过电感耦合接收从体外语音处理器发射的数据信号，通过整流滤波为接收刺激器提供电源，同时提取时钟信号和数据包络[31]。

The hearing impairment of the rickety rats is be- lieved to be due mainly to the decrease of the perilymphatic ionized calcium concentration and the impaired blood supply of inner ear caused by rickets.

认为佝偻病引起内耳液钙离子浓度下降和耳蜗供血不足，是导致听力损害的主要原因，佝偻病大白鼠耳蜗对庆大霉素耳毒性有较强的耐受性可能与耳蜗血流量下降有关。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。