蜗

Morphological and flourescent changes were assessed using confocal microscopy in whole-mount organ of Corti preparations. Results (1) After the animals were exposed to broadband noise at 122 dB SPL in 4 h/day for 2 days, both apoptosis and necrosis appeared in OHCs. The single strand DNA in apoptotic OHCs were observed both in guinea pigs and mice.(2) In normal OHCs, EndoG was distributed outside of nuclei. EndoG translocated from outside to inside of the nuclei in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs following noise exposure.(3) The MNNG cochlear perfusion and noise exposure both caused the transloctation of AIF from the mitochondria to the nuclei. The translocation of AIF took place in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs.

结果 (1)暴露于120 dB SPL的白噪声环境中每天4小时，连续2天后引起豚鼠和小鼠耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡时，其细胞核内产生ssDNA，而在正常细胞内没有三ssDNA；（2）在正常情况下，EndoG分布于耳蜗毛细胞的细胞核外，在暴露于上述噪声后发生凋亡和坏死的豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞中，EndoG从细胞核外转移到细胞核内，细胞核中的EndoG显著增加；（3）豚鼠耳蜗外淋巴灌流烷化剂MNNG后发生耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡和坏死，在凋亡和坏死的耳蜗外毛细胞中，AIF自线粒体转移到细胞核，其变化与噪声损伤引起耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡和坏死时一致。

This is because the angle on the worm is so shallow that when the gear tries to spin it, the friction between the gear and the worm holds the worm in place.

这是因为，蜗轮蜗杆的升程角很小，当涡轮要带动蜗杆时，蜗轮蜗杆间的摩擦力把蜗杆锁住了。

The features to evaluate the tooth contact quality such as the location of the contact point on the tooth surface, clearance between the meshing tooth surfaces, curve of the transmission error and the path of the contact point are investigated. The accurate geometric representation with non-uniform rational B spline of the worm and the wheel tooth surface is presented then the corresponding program is developed.

根据平面包络环面蜗杆传动的创成方法，建立了包含加工误差的蜗杆和蜗轮的齿面方程，分析了平面包络环面蜗杆传动和平面二次包络环面蜗杆传动的刚性啮合特性如误差对接触点的位置、齿面间隙、传动误差曲线和接触点在齿面上的轨迹的影响。

Abrasive disk for accurately grinding TI worm,as well as grinding method similar to that for globoid worm or planer enveloping hourglass worm,is used to machine hourglass worm,making the TI worm match with the worm wheel which has the same tooth surface shape as that of abrasive disk,and thus forming a new-style worm gearing .

采用精确磨削TI蜗杆的砂轮，用类似直廓环面蜗杆或平面包络环面蜗杆的磨削方法加工环面蜗杆，使该蜗杆和齿面形状与砂轮曲面相同的蜗轮相配合，形成一种新型蜗杆传动，给出了这种传动蜗杆副齿面的数学模型，并通过计算机仿真得出了这种传动蜗轮齿面上接触线的形状及分布特征，初步分析了其啮合特点。

Structures of cochlea were measured on the images of position I and II ,including upper hemicycile width of Basal turn, lower hemicycle width of Middle turn, Middle turn height, Cochlea height, Modiolus area, length and width of Cochlea Nerve Canal on image I and Basal turn diameter, Basal turn lumen on image II.

在标准方位图像上设计并测量耳蜗9个结构径线(笔者分别定义为径线A—I，图Ⅰ A-G，图Ⅱ H-I)，径线A约衡量底周上半周宽度，径线B约衡量中周下半周宽度，径线C约衡量中周高度，径线D约衡量耳蜗高度，径线E约衡量蜗轴面积，径线F衡量蜗神经管宽度，径线G衡量蜗神经管长度，径线H约衡量耳蜗底周外径，径线I约衡量底周管径。

The results reveal that, in some cases, the efficiency of helical gear is not as good as that of worm and wheel drive ; however, the efficiency of the worm helical gear drive in certain torque and the scope of rotational speed is still more close to that of worm and wheel drive.

结果发现虽然斜齿轮与蜗杆的传动效率在试验中不如蜗杆蜗轮传动，但是在一定的转矩和转速范围内，蜗杆斜齿轮传动的效率还是较接近蜗杆蜗轮传动。

Apply to industrial worm gear lubrication. L-CKE compound for the worm oil, mainly for copper - a pair of steel-and two-cylinder, and other types of siege under light load, in a smooth drive without the impact of the worm, deputy. L-CKE / P worm extreme pressure for oil, mainly for copper - a pair of steel cylindrical heavy to bear, there is vibration in the transmission and impact of the worm, deputy.

适用于工业蜗轮蜗杆传动装置的润滑。L-CKE为复合型蜗轮蜗杆油，主要用于铜－钢配对的圆柱型和双包围等类型的承受轻负荷、传动中平稳无冲击的蜗轮蜗杆副。L-CKE/P为极压蜗轮蜗杆油，主要用于铜－钢配对的圆柱型承受重负荷，传动中有振动和冲击的蜗轮蜗杆副。

It is available to carry out numerical simulation and fluid dynamic analysis further. Based on Frozen-Rotor Approach and Rotor-Stator Approach, the numerical simulation was carried out in the centrifugal pump and the numerical results showed that the flow in the impeller and volute of centrifugal pump is periodically unsteady. Due to the interaction between impeller and volute the flow is characterized by pressure fluctuations and it is the strongest at impeller outlet and at the vicinity of the tongue. The unsteady pressure fluctuations are also one of the most important reasons to induce vibration and noise. Secondly, the flow field of the volute is characteristic of the vortex flow, and the vortex flow presents very complicated developing process which is creating, increasing and dissipating every now and then. All these lead to very large flow loss in the volute.

采用Frozen-Rotor冻结转子模式和Rotor-Stator滑移界面模式系统开展了不同工况下离心泵内叶轮与蜗壳耦合的定常和非定常流动研究，结果表明由于叶轮与蜗壳的干扰蜗壳进口周向流动的不均匀性是非常强烈的，特别是叶轮与蜗舌间的相互干扰最为强烈，一直影响到叶轮进口和蜗壳扩散管出口的流场；在蜗壳内整个流动是以旋涡形式向出口推进的，并随着包角的变化旋涡表现出十分复杂的产生、发展和耗散的演化过程，导致蜗壳内较大的流动损失。

To counter the case which worm gear lost efficacy of rotating screen barrel rice mill ,reliability design theory was applied to analyze it.

针对旋筛式碾米机蜗杆传动时有失效的情况，运用模糊可靠性设计理论对蜗轮的强度进行分析研究，找出了蜗轮接触疲劳强度可靠度不足而失效的原因，将蜗轮材料由铸铁改为铝铁青铜，提高了蜗轮—蜗杆接触强度可靠度和弯曲强度可靠度。

Methods ①The spiral organ of corti of 10 mice (20 ears) were taken, and divided into 2 groups randomly (n=10), cultured in 0.1 mol·L-1 gentamicin and the metabolite of 0.1 mol·L-1 gentamicin for 48h, then the number of hair cells remain was recorded;②The spiral organ of corti of 10 mice were taken (20 ears), and divided into 2 groups randomly (n=10), 3% CaCl2 and 0.1 mol·L-1 GM were mixed in the culture medium and the number of hair cells remain in the two medium mentioned above were recorded;③The spiral organ of corti of 10 mice were taken (20 ears), divided into 2 groups randomly (n=10), 3% MgSO4 to 0.1 mol·L-1 GM were mixed in the culture medium, the number of hair cells remain in the two medium mentioned above were recorded.

①取10只小鼠的耳蜗螺旋器（20个），随机分为2组（n=10），分别在含0.1 mol·L-1 GM与0.1 mol·L-1GM代谢产物的培养液中培养48 h后，记数残留的耳蜗毛细胞数；②取10只小鼠的耳蜗螺旋器（20个），随机分为2组（n=10），分别在含0.1 mol·L-1 GM与0.1 mol·L-1GM+3% CaCl2的培养液中培养48 h后，记数残留的耳蜗毛细胞数；③取10只小鼠的耳蜗螺旋器（20个），随机分为2组（n=10），分别在含0.1 mol·L-1 GM与0.1 mol·L-1GM+3% MgSO4的培养液中培养48 h后，记数残留的耳蜗毛细胞数。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。