蛾

Historically the arctiid Syntominae was often confused with Zygaenidae, Sesiidae, Euchromiini and Ctenuchini due to the convergent wing shape and colour patterns. According to the phylogenetic hypothesis being more accepted in recent years, the subfamily comprises two tribes, the pan-Old World Syntominiand the Africa-restricted Thyretini.

鹿蛾亚科(Arctiidae： Syntominae)在研究历史上常与斑蛾科、透翅蛾、灯蛾亚科内的丰彩鹿蛾族与蜂蛾族的物种混淆，根据近年较被接受的亲缘关系假说，此亚科包含了分布於泛旧大陆的鹿蛾族以及仅分布在非洲之非洲鹿蛾族。

In addition this paper,"Bio-Rad method," two parasitic wasps of the post-embryonic development the process of protein accumulation in young bees and the host Plutella xylostella in this process in vivo haemolymph protein content were measured and found that over time, was gifuensis parasitic larvae of the diamondback moth haemolymph protein content showed an upward trend in nearly a straight line, Ichneumonidae parasitic For example, in the early parasitic diamondback moth haemolymph protein content also showed the trend of slow growth, but in the mid-and late parasitic young bee about to be completed in the development of the host body when to stop feeding, a significant downward trend却呈, and significantly lower than the third day of its own protein content; on the same day of the different species of the diamondback moth parasitic wasp hemolymph protein content compared Ichneumonidae Parasitism of diamondback moth have hemolymph protein content than in the third and fourth day after the parasitic Braconidae hemolymph content to be high, but very different in the case of the fifth day, as evidenced by her side after the parasitic bee moth haemolymph protein content is cocoon of the parasitic bee hemolymph protein content of 0.7 times.

另外本文采用"Bio-Rad法"对两种寄生蜂胚后发育过程中幼蜂蛋白积累及寄主小菜蛾在此过程中体内血淋巴蛋白含量进行了测定，结果发现随时间的推移，被茧蜂寄生小菜蛾幼虫的血淋巴蛋白含量是呈近直线增加趋势，而对于姬蜂寄生来说，在寄生初期小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量也呈缓慢增长趋势，但在寄生中后期，幼蜂即将完成在寄主体内的发育取食停止时，却呈大幅下降趋势，且明显低于其自身第三天的蛋白含量；对同一天的被不同种寄生蜂寄生的小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量进行比较，姬蜂寄生过的小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量在第三天和第四天均比茧蜂寄生后的血淋巴含量要高，但在第五天的情况大不相同，表现为被姬蜂寄生后的小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量是被茧蜂寄生的血淋巴蛋白含量的0.7倍。

Also known as the "Robin Moth", Cecropia moths are the largest moth found in North America, often achieving a wingspan of six inches.

刻克罗普斯蚕蛾学名"Hyalophora cecropia"，也被称之为"罗宾蛾"，它们是在北美洲发现的体型最大的蛾，翼展经常可达到6英寸(约合15厘米)。

However, Pinene and Benzaldehyde were the effect of inhibition.

雄蛾、处女蛾和交配后雌蛾对各挥发物的反应有所差异，以处女蛾对各组分的反应最高，雄蛾次之。

In addition this paper,"Bio-Rad method," two parasitic wasps of the post-embryonic development the process of protein accumulation in young bees and the host Plutella xylostella in this process in vivo haemolymph protein content were measured and found that over time, was gifuensis parasitic larvae of the diamondback moth haemolymph protein content showed an upward trend in nearly a straight line, Ichneumonidae parasitic For example, in the early parasitic diamondback moth haemolymph protein content also showed the trend of slow growth, but in the mid-and late parasitic young bee about to be completed in the development of the host body when to stop feeding, a significant downward trend却呈, and significantly lower than the third day of its own protein content; on the same day of the different species of the diamondback moth parasitic wasp hemolymph protein content compared Ichneumonidae Parasitism of diamondback moth have hemolymph protein content than in the third and fourth day after the parasitic Braconidae hemolymph content to be high, but very different in the case of the fifth day, as evidenced by her side after the parasitic bee moth haemolymph protein content is cocoon of the parasitic bee hemolymph protein content of 0.7 times.

另外本文采用&Bio-Rad法&对两种寄生蜂胚后发育过程中幼蜂蛋白积累及寄主小菜蛾在此过程中体内血淋巴蛋白含量进行了测定，结果发现随时间的推移，被茧蜂寄生小菜蛾幼虫的血淋巴蛋白含量是呈近直线增加趋势，而对于姬蜂寄生来说，在寄生初期小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量也呈缓慢增长趋势，但在寄生中后期，幼蜂即将完成在寄主体内的发育取食停止时，却呈大幅下降趋势，且明显低于其自身第三天的蛋白含量；对同一天的被不同种寄生蜂寄生的小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量进行比较，姬蜂寄生过的小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量在第三天和第四天均比茧蜂寄生后的血淋巴含量要高，但在第五天的情况大不相同，表现为被姬蜂寄生后的小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量是被茧蜂寄生的血淋巴蛋白含量的0.7倍。

In this paper, an important pest of cruciferous vegetables xylostella and its two dominant species in the parasitic wasp - Cotesia plutellae bee, Diadegma semi-closed two parasitic system studied two parasitic wasps of Nutritional regulation of the host Plutella xylostella, from parasitic to parasitic found after the fifth day, five days, all groups the body weight of diamondback moth larvae are showing an increasing trend, not parasitic larvae of the diamondback moth has been higher than was body weight parasitic larvae of Plutella xylostella, and was Ichneumonidae parasitic larvae of the diamondback moth important than being clear Braconidae parasitic weight of the diamondback moth larvae.

本文以重要的十字花科蔬菜害虫小菜蛾及其两种优势种内寄生蜂——菜蛾盘绒茧蜂、半闭弯尾姬蜂两个寄生体系为研究对象，研究了两种寄生蜂对寄主小菜蛾营养的调控，发现从寄生至寄生后的第五天，五天时间内，所有组小菜蛾幼虫的体重均是呈现增加的趋势，未被寄生的小菜蛾幼虫体重一直保持大于被寄生小菜蛾幼虫，而且被姬蜂寄生的小菜蛾幼虫体重要明显的大于被茧蜂寄生的小菜蛾幼虫体重。

The location and structures of sex-pheromone-producing gland in female H.insularis were studied by EAG,GC,SEM,and TEM.These studies showed that thegland situate in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninthabdominal segments,and is an eversible abdominal fold;Many plump cones disturbon the surface of the gland.The glandular cells of 2-day old virgin female H.insularis are arranged in one layer,among which the central cells are columnarepithelial cells and flat on two sides.The nucleus is irregular elliptical.There isevident conjugation between cells and the involution is more in the basal membraneof cell.Microvilli are distributed on the cytoplasmic membrane and linked withendocuticle on which there are many layers of chitin,and the outer cuticule is staineddeeper.The cell contains bubbles,mitochondria,glycogen deposits,roughendoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

结合触角电位、毛细管气相色谱、扫描电镜、透视电镜等技术对小线角木蠹蛾雌蛾腹尖末端不同组织部位提取物的测定分析以及腺体位置和形态结构的观察发现：小线角木蠹蛾性信息素分泌腺位于腹部末端8～9节之间，是一个由节间膜特化而成的上皮结构，为一可外翻的腹褶，腺体表面分布着饱满的锥形体，羽化后2天未交尾的雌蛾腺体细胞呈单层排列，腹面中央由密集的柱形上皮细胞组成，细胞排列向两侧延伸至背部，其形状由柱形逐渐变为扁平形，细胞核为椭圆形，细胞与细胞间有明显的胞连接，细胞基底膜基褶较多，质膜上分布着微绒毛，并与内表皮连接，内表皮上有多层几丁质，外角质层染色较深，细胞质中含有空泡、线粒体、脂质粒、粗面内质网和光面内质网。

After induced with IPTG, the proteins expressed by different fragments were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and the results showed that all these truncated proteins could be expressed in E. coli BL21. Bioassay result against Plutella xylotella showed that the active fragment of Cry1Ba3 protein was located between amino acid No. 22 and No. 655. As the insecticidal activity of the truncated protein containing amino acid No. 54-655 was declined significantly, and No. 22-627 and No.

采用浸叶法检测这些蛋白片段对小菜蛾的杀虫活性，研究结果表明含有第1～685位和含有第22～655位氨基酸的蛋白片段对小菜蛾的毒性，与全长Cry1Ba3蛋白相比，没有改变；含有第54～655位氨基酸的蛋白片段对小菜蛾的毒力明显降低；而含有第22～627位和含有第85～655位氨基酸的蛋白片段完全丧失了对小菜蛾的活性。

The result diapause responses of are as follows:Under samely temperature and moist circumstanc, Carposina sasakii Matsumura of apricot corned out of land most earlist and 10 days earlier than than of apples, Carposina sasakii Matsumura of haw corned out of land most latest and 8 days later than that of apple.

结果表明，在相同温湿度条件下，杏桃蛀果蛾出土最早(比苹果桃蛀果蛾早10天)，苹果桃蛀果蛾次之，山楂桃蛀果蛾出土最晚(比苹果桃蛀果蛾晚8天)。

The calling and copulation behaviour of Ancylis sativa Liu had a dielperiodicity.The female moths began to calling at the first day and increasedto 100% at the second day,then the percentage of calling decreasedgradually from the third day to the fifth day,only 16.7% of females showingcalling behaviour at the sixth day.The effect of environmentaltemperature on calling behaviour of Ancylis sativa Liu was studied duringadult life at 16℃,21℃,26℃ and 31℃.The result showed differenttemperature during adult life affected significantly the calling behaviour ofvirgin females.There was considerable variability in the calling patternsamong the different temperature groups,the higher the temperature was,thelater females called,the shorter the calling behaviour lasted.The copulationbehaviour of Ancylis sativa Liu can be divided into following squence:female calling,male responsing,male approaching female,hairpencil displayingand copulating.

枣粘虫求偶和交配行为研究结果表明，在光周期为14L：10D、温度为21℃下，越冬代枣粘虫雌蛾的求偶高峰期为黑暗期6.0-8.0小时，求偶活动以羽化后1-3天表现强烈，第二天求偶百分率高达100％，第4天开始，求偶百分率下降，到第6天仅为16.7％；环境温度对枣粘虫雌蛾的求偶活动有明显的影响，随着温度的下降，求偶高峰期明显提前，求偶高峰期的持续时间变长，在21、26、31℃下，求偶百分率接近或达到100％，在16℃下，仅为43％；枣粘虫的交配行为可分为雌蛾求偶、雄蛾反应、雄蛾接近雌蛾、打开味刷及交配成功等阶段；交配活动也以羽化后前3天表现强烈；第1、2代在黑暗周期中的交配高峰期比越冬代推后1-2.5小时；越冬代枣粘虫的交尾持续时间多为3-4小时，第1、2代比越冬代短；越冬代交尾前期多为2-3天，第1、2代多为1-2天，少数羽化当天便可交尾；雌雄成虫均有多次交尾习性，雄蛾最高交尾6次，平均3.3次，雌蛾最多交尾3次，平均1.5次，在田间自然条件下，大多数越冬代雌雄成虫只交尾1次，第1、2代交尾次数有所增高，第1、2代成虫交配率明显高于越冬代。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。