蛹期的

Tetrastichus nigricoxae Yang is a endoparasite of Pupae of Micromelalopha troglodyta Graeser, Which is the mian pest of Poplar in China.

白蛾黑基啮小蜂是我国杨树人工林的主要食叶害虫——杨小舟蛾蛹期的一种内寄生性天敌。

Tetrastichus nigricoxae Yang is an endoparasite of pupae of Micromelalopha troglodyta Graeser.

白蛾黑基啮小蜂是我国杨树人工林主要食叶害虫－杨小舟蛾(Micromelalopha troglodyta Graeser)蛹期的一种内寄生性天敌。

Figure 1: The determination of sex at the pupal stage involves observation of developing genital structures located on the ventral side just caudal to the seventh visible sternite.

图1 ：确定性别在蛹期涉及的观察发展生殖器结构位于腹侧方只是尾椎到第七届有形

Studies on Utilizing Parasitoid Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for Sustainable Control of Fall Webworm;2. In recent years, fall webworm that belongs to international Quarantine Pest appears widely in China, it did great harm to forest trees and brought the inconvenience for people s lifes.

通过对美国白蛾各个发育期的天敌进行调查与研究，发现除了捕食性天敌七星瓢虫、大刀螳螂等外，幼虫期有2种寄生性天敌、蛹期有12种寄生性天敌，这为保护和利用天敌、有效控制美国白蛾提供了依据。

The biological safety of Bacillus thuringiensis Strain YJ-2000 which acted the low toxicity to Bombyx mori newly hatched larvae and marked insecticidal activity to other lepidopterous insects was evaluated compared with other two Bt strains,i.e.

YJ 2 0 0 0菌株除导致 1龄幼虫历期延长 11 1%、取食量减少 0～ 6 0 0 %及体重降低 5 2 3%～ 6 2 5 %外，对 2龄及其以后各龄幼虫的存活率、发育历期、取食量、眠蚕体重、化蛹率、蛹期、全茧量、蛹重、茧层量、羽化率和产卵量等均无显著影响。

In the artificial rearing larval honeybee method, 1-day-old larvae were reared in laboratory and 0.1 - 100 ppm pyriproxyfen was added in larval food. A dose respondent effect was found in the larval development of the treated larvae. Results showed that 0.1 ppm pyriproxyfen reduced the eclosion rate of the reared larvae conspicuously, and 1 ppm pyriproxyfen reduced that 84.6% of eclosion honeybee appeared the condition of deformed wings. The 10 ppm pyriproxyfen treatment caused 53.8% melanic death in the pupal stage, and no honeybees succeed in eclosion.

在室内饲养幼虫方面，分别添加0.1-100 ppm百利普芬於幼虫食物中，结果显示0.1 ppm百利普芬即会显著降低饲养幼虫的羽化率，而且添加1 ppm百利普芬会有84.6%羽化蜜蜂出现残翅现象；添加10 ppm百利普芬则会造成53.8%蜜蜂在蛹期黑化而死亡，而且无蜜蜂羽化成功；100 ppm百利普芬则有50%蜜蜂在幼虫期死亡，50%蜜蜂在蛹期死亡，亦无蜜蜂成功羽化。

These results have practical value to the control of pebrine disease of the silkworm in silkworm eggs production at present.

在蚕种生产上，经常出现蚕期、蛹期的预知检查无毒，到母蛾镜检时毒率超标而惨遭淘汰的现象。

In addition, Vg was also found in a pupa-specific ectoparasitoid of flies, Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), in which the temporal and titer pattern of transcription and expression of Vg gene was apparently different from that of in Pteromauls puparum.

此外，发现蝇类蛹期重要外寄生蜂-丽蝇蛹集金小蜂也拥有Vg，其Vg基因的转录与表达时序与水平动态明显不同于蝶蛹金小蜂。

The pupal stage was most sensitive to temperature change compared with other developmental stages.

在各虫态中，蛹期的存活率受温度变化的影响最大。

The project implemented a systemic investigation to the pupa period of wild silkworm comparatively, which from Shanxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou provinces and so on. According to the investigation, the pupa dormant characteristic of Shaanxi wild silkworm was found, and the individual, which pupa period was more than two months was selected. Through the hybrid genetic analysis we found that the characteristics for a long period of pupa was controlled by polygene and genetic recessively and strongly influenced by environmental conditions at the same time. To compare the performance of pupa period of the pupa dormant wild mulberry silkworm, we designed different ecological conditions. The result indicating that the temperature is the main factor in the ecological impact, but the pupa period was extended at the same temperature conditions, indicating that the additive effects of the environmental factors.

本项目实施，系统调查比较了陕西、江苏、四川、重庆、贵州等省市的野桑蚕的蛹期经过，发现了陕西野桑蚕的蛹休眠特性，筛选获得了长达2个月以上的蛹期经过个体；通过杂交遗传分析，发现长蛹期特性表现为隐性遗传，受多基因控制，同时受环境条件的强烈影响作用；通过设计不同生态条件比较蛹休眠性野桑蚕蛹期经过的表现，表明温度是主要的生态影响因子，但相同温度的野外型条件下蛹期经过延长，表明受到环境因素的综合作用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。