蛹

Like all holometabolic insects , they go through four life-stages: egg , larva , pupa , and adult .

象所有holometabolic 昆虫，他们经过四个生命阶段：卵，幼虫，蛹，成虫。

The changes in sperm ultrastructure of male Xylotechus rusticus irradiated by γ-rays on larval,pupal and imaginal stage had been studied.

研究了青杨脊虎天牛幼虫、蛹和成虫阶段受γ射线辐照后雄虫精子超微结构的变化情况。

Purpose: The aim was to determine the ethyl linolenate in Bombyx mori oil ethyl linolenate by Gas Chromatography.

目的：用气相色谱内标法测定蛹油α-亚麻酸乙酯制剂中α-亚麻酸乙酯的含量。

To investigate the effects of morphine on the growth of Lucilia sericata larvae or pupae,and the deduction of decedent postmortem interval based on it,rabbits were injected with different doses morphine hydrochloride and killed,and their muscles were used to feed the newly-hatched L.sericata larvae.

用盐酸吗啡注射家兔，处死后用家兔的肌肉组织饲养丝光绿蝇初孵幼虫，研究吗啡对丝光绿蝇幼虫和蛹生长发育的影响及其在法医学中推断死者死亡时间方面的应用。

Subclones of the hybrid 741 took on a high insect-resistant identity to the larvae of leaf pests such as Clostera anachoreta Fabricius, Lymantria dispar Linnacus, Hyphantria cunea Drury ect., and the mean death rate of the grubs were all above the 85%, furthermore, the grubs' growth which survived could be restrained and the growth rate was reduced so that they couldn't tie cocoons as the usual.

项目简介：转双抗虫基因741杨是将部分改造BtCryIAc 基因与慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂基因，通过农杆菌介导法转化了优良白杨杂种741杨，并获得了一批具有高抗虫性无性系，对舞毒蛾和杨扇舟蛾，美国白蛾等鳞翅目幼虫死亡率达85%以上，并能抑制存活幼虫的发育，使其不能正常化蛹。

Genetic heredity experiments showed that the inheritance of the melanic characteristics was incomplete dominance and autosomal and followed the Mendalian law.

结果表明，SEM蛹黑化性状的遗传是不完全显性遗传，遵循孟德尔的不完全显性遗传规律，控制黑化性状的基因位于常染色体上，与性染色体无关。

Genetic experiments showed that the inheritance of the melanic character followed the Mendalian imcomplete dominance law. A single pair of genes regulated the melanic character.

遗传实验结果表明，甜菜夜蛾突变品系和正常品系的蛹体色遗传模式遵循孟德尔的不完全显性遗传规律，黑色性状由位于常染色体上的单基因控制。

These results suggest that pyriproxyfen obviously influences the larval growth to adult worker bees, especially in the pupal growth. The lower dose of pyriproxyfen results in abnormal eclosion, and more effects respond to the increasing doses, the treated larvae gradually appear the failure to eclosion, melanic death in the pupal stage, and death in the larval stage.

上述结果显示，百利普芬对成蜂的毒性较低，却会明显影响蜜蜂幼虫的生长发育，低剂量会造成蜜蜂羽化不完全，随著剂量的增加，处理幼虫的发育有提早的现象，处理幼虫会渐次出现蛹体变黑死亡，羽化失败死亡，甚至幼虫期即死亡的现象。

Our previous studies have shown that ubiquitous overexpression of HmgD caused hemocytes proliferation and the formation of melanotic tumors in the Drosophila larvae. To clarify the mechanism of melanotic tumors appearance,we also generated RT-PCR analysis to test the transcriptional changes of PPAE and Spn27A,which encode the key factors in the phenoloxidasecascade pathway from larvae samples of mid-third instar,late-third instar and prior to pupation relative to wild type flies.Our result showed that in the HmgD overexpression mid-third instar larvae,the expression level.of Spn27A was lower than wild type,otherwise the expression level of PPAE was higher than wild type.It suggests that overexpression of HmgD affects the PO cascade pathway.

本研究组前期工作发现，过量表达HmgD引起果蝇幼虫体内血细胞增生，并出现黑色素瘤，为探讨HmgD过量表达导致了血细胞增生即形成黑色素瘤的分子机制，本研究分别提取三龄中期、后期和相对于野生型化蛹前时刻的幼虫的RNA，首先检测了编码酚氧化酶级联反应途径中的两个关键基因PPAE，Spn27A在突变体中的转录发生变化，结果发现，Spn27A在三龄中期的表达量低于野生型，而PPAE的表达高于野生型，表明过量表达HmgD影响了酚氧化酶级联反应途径，低水平的Spn27A不足以抑制PPAE的活性，活化的PPAE催化了PPO的活性，使其转变成有活性的PO，从而促进黑色素的生成，使果蝇体内产生黑色素瘤。

Carposina, Navicula caterpillars, flat postornata, soil pests such as mole cricket, can they turn to land the ground froze to death;also bollworm damage, stick insects, sawfly wheat, locust pupae Room nests, etc., to prevent its emergence or incubation in order to better carry out Overwintering insects buried in the 10 ~ 15 cm layer, it should be frozen in the soil before or early spring, while the pests,"sleep" when the Land20 ~ 30 cm, so that exposure of adults or pupae on the ground was frozen to death or birds pecking; such loose soil can also help the soil ripening, and enhance the permeability of soil.

害虫越冬入土在10～15厘米层间，故应在土壤封冻之前或早春，趁害虫&熟睡&之际，将田土深翻20～30厘米，使成虫或蛹暴露在地面上被冻死或被禽鸟啄食；这样也可使土壤疏松，有利于土壤的熟化，增强土壤通透性。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。