蛱蝶科

Here we study the role of the Andes in the evolution of a diverse Neotropical insect group, the clearwing butterflies.

作者在本文中探讨安地斯山在新热带区高多样性的昆虫-蛉蛱蝶亚科the clearwing butterflies）演化上扮演的角色。

With a comma-shaped mark on the underside of each hind wing .

一种翼前有凹痕的蛱蝶科蝴蝶，其后翅的下侧有逗点形斑点。

Anglewing butterfly with a comma-shaped mark on the underside of each hind wing .

一种翼前有凹痕的蛱蝶科蝴蝶，其后翅的下侧有逗点形斑点。

A bewhiskered face, here magnified 15 times, belies the beauty of a nymphalid butterfly.

这只蛱蝶科的蝴蝶，头部被放大15倍后，长满髯毛的脸部已经掩盖了它的美丽。

It is indicated that the involved species of this subfamily clustered into two clades: the first clade includes those of the genus Neptis, Phaedyma, Pantoporia and Lintinga; the second one includes those of the genus Parthenos, Moduza, Limenitis, Athyma, Lexias and Euthalia. The genus Limenitis is suggested to be monophyletic; and the genera Euthalia and Lexias proved to be sister to each other and form a monophyletic group. The genus Litinga appears to be more closely related to Neptini than to Limenitini.

基于Cytb基因的线蛱蝶亚科系统发育分析结果表明，所有线蛱蝶亚科聚为两大枝：第一枝包括环蛱蝶属、菲蛱蝶属、蟠蛱蝶属和缕蛱蝶属；第二枝包括丽蛱蝶属、穆蛱蝶属、线蛱蝶属、带蛱蝶属、律蛱蝶属和翠蛱蝶属；其中线蛱蝶属非单系群，翠蛱蝶属和律蛱蝶属则为单系发生，并构成姐妹群；缕蛱蝶属与环蛱蝶族亲缘关系较近。

Using Parantica aglea and Euploea core as the outgroups, the phylogenetic trees of the Nymphalidae taxa in this study were reconstructed with and Bayesian methods based on 16S rDNA, 12S rDNA and their combined sequences. The results showed that the Nymphalinae was not monophyletic; the Junonia should be classified into Hypolimni; the Apaturinae, Byblinae and Nymphalinae were closely related to each other; the Pseudergolinae and Byblinae should be separated from Limenitinae.

分子系统树显示：蛱蝶亚科并非单系群，蛱蝶族中眼蛱蝶属应移入斑蛱蝶族；豹蛱蝶亚科为单系发生；闪蛱蝶和苾蛱蝶亚科与蛱蝶亚科具有较近的系统关系；支持将秀蛱蝶和苾蛱蝶亚科从线蛱蝶亚科中分离出来。

Composed of or containing gristle.A small blue butterfly of the family Lycaenidae.

一种翼前有凹痕的蛱蝶科蝴蝶，其后翅的下侧有逗点形斑点。

Members of the family Nymphalidae come in many varied forms and habits.

蛱蝶科的成员形态多变，习性各有不同。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。