蛛

The resulting phylogeny indicated that:(1) Araneidae and Tetragnathidae, which build orb webs, are not a sister group in the superfamily Araneoidea;(2) Theridiidae and Linyphiidae, which build nonorb webs, are also not monophyletic, The results also corroborated the independent origins of linyphiid sheet webs and theridiid gumfoot webs;(3) The phylogenetic placement of linyphiid closer to tetragnathid than to araneid implies that the similarities of male palpal organ between linyphiids and araneids may be homoplastic rather than homologous.

结果表明：(1)织圆网的园蛛科和肖蛸科蜘蛛在园蛛总科里不是姊妹群；(2)不织圆网的球蛛科和皿蛛科也不是单系的，进一步证实了皿蛛片网和球蛛网独立起源的观点；(3)皿蛛科蜘蛛的分子系统发生地位与肖蛸科较近而与园蛛科较远表明皿蛛科和园蛛科间雄性触肢结构的相似性很可能是类似而不是同源相似。

The difference between the test groups and the control group was statistically significant. It could be deduced that all the insecticides tested in this experiment damaged the spiders′ intestinal mucosa, compromising its function as a barrier and letting large molecules such as FTIC-D more easily penetrate. Among the insecticides, pyrethrin and Bt preparation are bio-insecticides, and the FITC-D concentrations of the spiders exposed to these two bio-insecticides were more than those of the spiders exposed to the chemical insecticides imidacloprid and dipterex. The difference between the bio-insecticide groups and the imidacloprid group was significant, but there was no significant difference between the bio-insecticide groups and the dipterex group.

结果表明：4种杀虫剂处理后拟环纹豹蛛血液中的荧光素浓度远高于对照组，各个处理组拟环纹豹蛛血液样本中的荧光素浓度均与对照组存在极显著差异，可见4种杀虫剂均将对拟环纹豹蛛肠黏膜的屏障功能造成损伤，导致大分子物质易于通过；其中1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂三保奇花和Bt制剂强杀处理后拟环纹豹蛛中肠黏膜的通透性高于仿烟碱类化学杀虫剂吡虫啉处理组，差异达到显著水平，但与有机磷杀虫剂敌百虫处理组差异不显著。

Near the female spider, spider hung in the distance waving constantly have to foot, if fixed Fuzhao female and male spider can be carried out close to the female mating, the male semen to be with their feet into the female spermatheca in .

在靠近雌蛛前，雄蛛在远处不断地挥舞脚须，若雌蛛伏着不动，雄蛛才得以靠近雌蛛进行交配，雄蛛用脚须把精液送进雌蛛的受精囊中。

Latrodectus tredecimguttatus,"black widow spider" or "blackvenomous spider", is one of medium-sized venomus spiders, whichbelongs to Phylum Arthopoda, Arachnidea, Araneae, Theridiidae, genusLatrodectus.

间斑寇蛛，俗称黑寡妇或黑毒蜘蛛，在分类学上属于节肢动物门，蛛形纲，蜘蛛目，球蛛科，寇蛛属，是一种中型毒蜘蛛。

Has the orb-web a monophyletic or a polyphyletic origin? In other words, is Orbiculariae (Deinopoidea + Araneoidea) monophyletic or polyphyletic? There is a considerable dispute about phylogenetic relationship between Deinopoidea and Araneoidea.

但关于妖面蛛总科和园蛛总科间系统发生关系，即圆网蛛类是否为单系起源，换言之，圆网究竟是经历一次进化还是多次进化，多年来始终是悬而未决的蛛形学难题之一。

In the present study, mitochondrial 12S, 16S and nuclear 18S, 28S rDNA fragments of ten species of spiders were amplified and sequenced. Using neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood methods and Bayesian analyses, the phylogenetic relationship between Deinopoidea and Araneoidea was inferred from the combined DNA sequences of 12S, 16S, 18S and 28S rDNA fragments. The resulting phylogeny indicated that: Deinopoidea and Araneoidea did not form single clade.

本文首先测定了包括复杂生殖器类中妖面蛛总科、园蛛总科和非圆网蛛类等3个类群在内的9科10种蜘蛛线粒体12S rDNA、16S rDNA及核18S rDNA、28S rDNA等4个基因片段序列，并基于4个基因序列的整合数据，分别通过邻接法、最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法分析，对园蛛总科和妖面蛛总科蜘蛛之间的分子系统关系进行了探讨。

The species richness of the spider was abundant, and Agelenidae, Thomisidae, Linyphiidae, and Lycosidae were the dominant groups.

嶂石岩风景区蜘蛛物种多样性丰富，漏斗蛛、蟹蛛、皿蛛和狼蛛是该地区的优势类群。

The major dominant species of predatory enemies were Erigonidium graminicola and Theridion octomaculatum and their individuals were 81.4 percent of the total predatory enemy individuals of the community.1.2 Spatial patterns and their dynamics of major dominant predatory enemies ofarthropod communityThe research results showed that Pieris rapae distributed mainly on heart leaves and back of inner leaves of cabbage plants, Plutella xylostella distributed mainly on the back of cabbage leaves and Lipaphis erysimi distributed widely in cabbage plants. Among the major dominant species of predatory enemies, Sitticus sinensis distributed mainly on the front of leaves of cabbage plants in spring cabbage fields, and Misumenopos tricuspidata and Propylaea japonica distributed widely in cabbage plants.

在捕食性天敌中蜘蛛10种，捕食性昆虫3种，主要优势种为草间小黑蛛、八斑球腹蛛，其数量占捕食性天敌总数量的81.4%。1.2节肢动物群落主要优势种的空间格局及其动态研究结果表明，害虫优势种菜青虫主要分布于甘蓝心叶和甘蓝叶反面，小菜蛾主要集中分布在甘蓝叶的反面，而菜蚜在甘蓝植株内的分布较广；春甘蓝田捕食性天敌优势种中华跃蛛在外层叶正面分布较集中，三突花蛛与瓢虫类在甘蓝植株内的分布较广。

The temporal and spatial niche breadth value of Propylaea japonica was maximum, and the temporal niche overlap value of Theridion octomaculatum between dominant predatory enemies and Aphis gossypii was maximum and the spatial niche overlap of Pardosa T-insignita was maximum.

对淮北棉田节肢动物优势种群组成和时空生态位进行分析，结果表明：棉蚜、烟粉虱、棉叶螨、棉盲蝽、四点亮腹蛛、龟纹瓢虫、T-纹豹蛛、草间小黑蛛、八斑球腹蛛、华姬猎蝽、小花蝽和青翅隐翅虫为优势种群；时间和空间生态位宽度值都是以龟纹瓢虫最大，捕食性天敌优势种群与棉蚜时间生态位重叠值以八斑球腹蛛最大，空间生态位重叠值以T-纹豹蛛最大。

The study indicates that Geodrassus diguitusiformis Hu, 2001 should be transferred to the genus Trachelas; Clubiona heteroducta Zhang et Yin, 1998 and Clubiona xiningensis Hu, 2001 are synonymized with Clubiona gongi Zhang et al., 1997 and Clubiona neglecta O.P.

管巢蛛科、圆颚蛛科、光盔蛛科(圆颚蛛和光盔蛛以前是管巢蛛的一部分，后被分出)目前全球分别已知15属527种、75属831种和32属239种；中国以往记述分别为1属78种(另有3疑问种)、7属18种(另有3疑问种)、和4属19种。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。