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Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is a worldwide agriculturalpest. It is an omnivorous insect which has a very broad host range and complicatedhost-preference biotypes from different populations.

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius隶属同翅目、粉虱科、小粉虱属，其食性杂、寄主范围广，并存在复杂的寄主专化现象，是一种世界性的农业害虫。

Walchia ewingi Fuller（66.2%）, Laelaps turkestanicus Lange（38.5%）, Paradoxopsyllus custodies Jordan（42.9%）and Hoplopleura pacifica （80.1%）were the most predominant species of chigger mites, gamasid mites, fleas, and sucking lice, respectively.

攸氏无前恙螨为优势恙螨种，占恙螨总数的66.2%(710/1 072)；土尔克厉螨为优势革螨种，占革螨总数的38.5%（396/1 029）；绒鼠怪蚤为优势蚤种，占蚤总数的42.9%（9/21）；太平洋甲胁虱为优势吸虱种，占吸虱总数的80.1%（217/271）。

We drawn the predicted surface maps with the Ordinary Kriging method and illustrated in the time order to provide a visible presentation of the spatio-temporal distributions. By analyzing those maps, we found that the spatial distribution of spiders in the paddy field was similar to that of macropterous SBPH and larval SBPH, and was more similar to larval SBPH, and showed an obvious pursuing phenomenon between them, while the pursuing had a close relationship with the temporal dynamics of SBPH number. But the pursuing phenomenon was complex and influenced by factors such as the weather, the environmental conditions in paddy fields, other enemies of SBPH and other foods of spiders.

用普通克立格方法作出空间分布图，在时间序列上进行比较分析，得出稻田蜘蛛与灰飞虱成若虫的空间分布均有相似性，尤其与若虫相似性更强，表现出比较明显的空间跟随现象，且空间跟随现象与灰飞虱虫量的消长有密切的关系，但是由于天气、稻田环境、灰飞虱其他天敌以及蜘蛛其他猎物的存在等因素的影响使得其空间跟随又有着相当的复杂性。

There was a stable and relatively low expression level for Lbα1 and a progressive expression pattern for Lbα8 among the 1st,2nd,3rd,and 4th nymphal stages.5 Development and reproduction of L.decolor as a function of temperatureThe developmental rate,survival,intrinsic rate of increase,net reproductive rate(R_0),mean generation time,and population doubling time of L.decolor population were evaluated at eight constant temperatures.

Lb a1在1龄、2龄、3龄、4龄若虫及成虫中的表达水平分别是Lb a8的2.03、2.55、4.77、6.54、和5.28倍，且它们之间的差异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05)。5温度对无色书虱发育和繁殖的影响通过比较无色书虱在不同温度条件下的发育速率、存活率、内禀增长率等生命参数以明确无色书虱在不同温度条件下的发生发展规律。

In contrast,the expression levels of Lb est2 in nymphal stages are lower than that in adult stage.2 Gene cloning of AChE and mRNA expression level in L.entomophila2.1 Gene cloning and sequence analysis of AChE in L.entomophilaTwo full length cDNA encoding AChE were cloned from L.entomophila by the methods of RT-PCR and RACE,named Le ace1(GenBank Accession No.:EU854149) and Le ace2GenBank Accession No.

CarE基因在不同发育阶段mRNA表达量的分析结果表明，Lb est1的表达量随着该虫生长发育的进行逐渐降低，至成虫期时表达水平最低；相反，L6 est2在若虫期表达水平较低，而在成虫期表达水平最高。2嗜虫书虱乙酰胆碱酯酶基因克隆及其mRNA表达水平研究2.1嗜虫书虱乙酰胆碱酯酶基因克隆及序列分析利用RT-PCR和RACE技术成功克隆获得嗜虫书虱2个AChE基在的全长序列，分别命名为Le ace1(GenBank登录号：EU854149)和Le ace2(GenBank登录号：EU854150)。

Seedbox Screening Technique was applied to evaluate the reactions of two parents and 98 BILs to BPH at the seedling stage, and the entries were graded on ratio of dead seedlings.

采用褐飞虱生物1型和生物2型的混合种群进行苗期集团鉴定，并以死苗率作为抗褐飞虱表型值，分析亲本和98个BILs的抗褐飞虱表现。

Bioassaying of squash silverleaf assigned the whitefly from Beijing (host: cotton and sweetpotato) and Xinjiang to B biotype. However, populations from Fujian and Guangxi without silverleaf symptom were considered as non-B biotype.

银叶生测实验表明：北京甘薯、棉花和新疆茄子上的烟粉虱为害西葫芦后可引起寄主的银叶，表明属B型烟粉虱；福建甘薯和广西南瓜上的烟粉虱种群在西葫芦上为害不呈银叶属非B型。

The sensitive nymph instar and sexual differences of wing dimorphism in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens , were studied, and the developmental differentiations of both the indirect flight muscles and the wing buds in the brown planthopper were observed. Molecular biological studies were performed to amplify the indirect flight muscle specific actin gene.

本文研究了褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens翅型分化的若虫敏感临界龄期和翅型分化在性别上的差异，观察了褐飞虱间接飞行肌和翅芽发育的分化过程，在此基础上，以扩增、克隆褐飞虱间接飞行肌特异性肌动蛋白基因为目的，做了部分分子生物学工作。

The transmission electron microscopy was employes. The psyllids were able to transmit Las to their host plants 7 days after acquisition from the Las-infected plant.

为了解黄龙病菌在柑橘木虱体内的活动过程及对木虱之可能影响，应用穿透式电子显微镜观察黄龙病菌在柑橘木虱体内的循环过程。

In addition to the direct transmission between plant and whitefly, geminiviruses can also be transmitted through mating and oviposition among whiteflies.

双生病毒除了在植物与粉虱之间直接传播外，还可通过烟粉虱交配及经卵携带的途径在烟粉虱个体和代别间进行传播。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。