虚词

In this paper, we propose a method of syncopating prosodic phrases in a sentence based on the pause rule of Chinese empty word s in text_to_speech.

本文提出在文语转换系统中，基于汉语虚词的停顿规则切分句子的韵律短语，并根据人们感知停顿的规律，以及停顿的静音时长与自然度的关系，设置恰当的韵律短语间的停顿时长，以提高文语转换在句子一级的自然

Based on this case, the author of the thesis comes to the following strategies: At lexical level, words of Anglo-Saxon origin are employed to translate the simple words; transliterating with notes and literal translating are applied for colloquial expression; various grammatical patterns such as emphatic structures, exclamatory sentences and rhetoric questions are utilized to express all kinds of mood of the modal particles.

在分析的基础上，笔者总结出如下策略：在词汇层面，多用源于本土的盎格鲁—撒克逊词汇再现汉语的简单词汇；用音译、音译加注释和直译来翻译生动的方言；通过变换句式来体现汉语特有的虚词含义。

They are chronometer and geography, time, agriculture and its instruments, crop and plant, animal, architecture, appellation, body and organ, medicine, clothing, food, marriage and funeral, superstition and lawsuit, commerce and craft, culture and amusement, action and mentality, direction and position, person and pronoun, adjective and properties, function word, numeral and measure word.

它们是天文地理、时令时间、农事农具、庄稼植物、虫鱼鸟兽、房屋器具、人品称谓、身体五官、病理医疗、衣服穿戴、饮食起居、红白大事、迷信诉讼、商业手艺、文化娱乐、动作心理、方向位置、人称指代、形容性状、各类虚词、数词量词。

They insisted that all the expletives were deleted from the article.

他们坚持删掉条款中的所有虚词。

The academic significance and the applied value of research into Yi structural auxiliary words include the following: 1. The structural auxiliary words play an important role in Yi grammar. Many problems in Yi syntax could be solved if the special features of Yi structural auxiliary words were understood. 2. The study of Yi structural auxiliary words may provide a foundation for a theoretical framework of function words and clarify the rules for the development of Tibeto-Burman languages. 3. The study of Yi structural auxiliary words may help in the study of Chinese grammatical history. It can supply some useful clues in the study of Chinese structural auxiliary words and the historical evolution of Chinese grammar.

彝语结构助词研究的学术意义和应用价值在于：1、结构助词在彝语语法中占有重要的地位，认清了彝语的结构助词特点也就解决了彝语句法的大部分问题。2、彝语结构助词的研究有助于建立藏缅语族语言虚词理论框架，弄清藏缅语族语法手段的发展规律。3、彝语结构助词的研究有助于汉语史的研究，可以对汉语结构助词和汉语语法历史演变的研究提供许多有用的线索。4、彝语结构助词的研究还会对彝语文的规范和教学、双语教育、翻译出版等起到有益的作用，具有实际应用的价值。

The present paper bases itself upon 'three plane principle', with a special emphasis on the sentence sequence relating to function word. This paper enploys the theorise and metheds of traditional grammar, desciptive grammar,'three plane principle' and contemporary western grammar schools. The analysis carries out the principle of linking form and meaning, static and dynamic state and structure and function.

本文主要立足于三个平面的理论，并吸收传统语法、描写语法以及当代西方语法流派中的有关理论和方法，贯彻形式和意义相结合、静态和动态相结合、结构和功能相结合的原则，对与虚词有关的语序研究中的一些问题进行详细讨论。

Since then,"I" have begun to stand upon my pantofles, while "others", with no choice but to quit the public stage, have faded into an empty word , a word that bears little importance, and a word that injects a blurring meaning to public morality .

也许正是由于对&他人&的恐惧，&文革&之后，&我们&迅速土崩瓦解，&我&自仰天长啸——而&他人&却不得不退出公众的视线，淡化为一个可有可无的虚词，成为公民道德的模糊地带。

Perhaps it was just the very fear of "others" that had smashed "us" into smithereens at the expiry of "Cultural Revolution". Since then,"I" have begun to stand upon my pantofles, while "others", with no choice but to quit the public stage, have faded into an empty word, a word that bears little importance, and a word that injects a blurring meaning to public morality.

也许正是由于对&他人&的恐惧，&文革&之后，&我们&迅速土崩瓦解，&我&自仰天长啸——而&他人&却不得不退出公众的视线，淡化为一个可有可无的虚词，成为公民道德的模糊地带。

Although prepositions are function words, yet they play a very important role in English.

介词虽然是虚词，但在英语中起着十分重要的作用，有些语言学家认为&英语是介词的语言&。

They are used more to satisfy the requirement for the completion of grammatical forms than to convey meaning.

英语的代词的作用有时很像虚词，与其说是意义需要，不如说是为了求得语法形式的完整。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐