虚拟的

Based on a component model of application system in which three types of the basic components are discussed, this paper first focuses on the "semantic" interoperability among components, and presents a Primitive-Semantic component constructing method through a semantic model to deal with the semantic interoperability while the communication protocol among components doesn't exist. It then presents a composable Distributed Virtual Reality Component-Based Architecture, including its key mechanism and algorithms.

指出分布式虚拟现实系统中存在的3种基本构件；重点讨论构件的"语义"互操作问题，通过建立构件的语义模型，提出一种原语-语义构件的构件构造方法，该方法可以解决不存在通信协议情况下的构件之间"语义"互操作问题；给出一种支持可组装的分布式虚拟现实应用系统的基于构件的体系结构以及其中的核心机制和算法。

Along with the Internet technology application and the development, the dispute which the encompassment network produces also more and more attracts attention, the hypothesized goods this emerging social phenomenon, in the academic circles and the judicial world to its legal attribute understanding existence difference, in the legislation also relatively is at the blank the vacuum state, then caused the law circle to be suitable, and in the academic viewpoint dispute in view of the hypothesized goods case law, in relief legal hysteresis quality.

随着互联网技术的应用和发展，围绕网络所产生的纠纷也越来越引人关注，虚拟物品这一新兴的社会现象，在学术界与司法界对其法律属性的认识存在分歧，立法上也相对处于空白的真空状态，进而导致了法律界针对虚拟物品个案的法律适用、与学术观点上的争议，凸现了法律的滞后性。

At the beginning, an engineering method called semi-empirical reliability estimation method is introduced. Then, a detailed introduction of the bootstrap method, which has been widely applied to small sample reliability assessing since it was proposed in 1979, is made immediately. At last, a promoted virtual sample expanding method, that the reliability test sample size is expanded from 2-3 to 10, is proposed on the basis of predecessors research results. And the new method associated with bootstrap method is used to assess the test life lower limit in the case of logarithmic normal distribution.

首先阐述了处理极小子样可靠性评估问题较合理的一种工程处理方法—半经验可靠性评估方法，随后详细介绍了近年来在小子样可靠性评估领域发展迅速的Bootstrap方法，最后在前人研究成果的基础上提出了将样本数从n=2～3虚拟增广至n=10的虚拟增广样本推广方法，将该方法应用于服从对数正态分布的寿命总体，利用Bootstrap方法得到了试验寿命下限的估计，并与已有的半经验可靠性评估方法的结果作了比较分析。

This article discusses the necessity and feasibility of virtual property protection, and hopes that as soon as possible to introduce virtual items of the protection law. So the majority of online game players can have the legitimate rights and effective legal protection, China's online game industry will obtain more broader space to develop.

文章阐述了虚拟财产刑法保护的必要性和可行性，提出了构建虚拟财产刑法保护的立法建议，从而使广大的网络游戏玩家的合法权益能得到法律的有效保护，进而使我国的网络游戏产业能得到更广阔的发展空间。

By using the basic method of virtual design and motion simulation of mechanical system based on Solid Works, virtual design of the robot of excavating tree stump was completed by synthetically using parametric and variable modeling technology and top-down design method. In case of the carrier was changed, the COSMOSMotion2006 was used to perform the motion simulation and optimized the parameter of the interface and the mechanical arm, by this way the useable of the new frameworks was confirmed, and in favor of reduce the exploiting cycle and exploiting cost.

通过使用SolidWorks软件的机械系统虚拟设计和运动仿真的基本方法，综合运用SolidWorks的参数化、变量化建模技术以及自上向下的设计思路，完成伐根清理机器人及其行走底盘的虚拟建模，并对由于行走底盘的改变而重新设计的接口和机械臂采用最新的COSMOSMotion2006软件进行了运动仿真和参数优化，以确定其机构可用性，有利于缩短产品的开发周期和减少开发费用。

extended progressive refinement method as a fast algorithm of radiosity minimize the recomputation time after any virtual scene modification.in this paper,the extended progressive refinement method is studied and implemented in the way of opengl.then the data which can prove the efficiency of the algorithm by changing scene reflectivity and scene geometry during experiment is obtained.in this way,the method is proved to be efficient.

摘 要：当虚拟场景发生变化时，扩展的逐步求精算法作为一种快速的辐射度算法，大量减少了重新计算辐射度所花费的时间。对扩展的逐步求精算法进行研究，并利用opengl对算法进行了实现。通过在实验中对虚拟场景的表面反射率和几何属性进行改变，获得了一些证明算法有效性的数据，从而验证了该算法的有效性。

The key technical problem of roughcast in the virtual machining environment is to handle three-dimensional shape, which includes the method of setting up geometrical model of three-dimensional shape of roughcast , the data structure that displays three-dimensional shape, process compiling three-dimensional shape, etc.

在虚拟加工环境中，毛坯的三维图形处理主要包括毛坯三维图形的几何建模方法、三维几何图形的显示数据结构和三维图形的编译处理等，提出了一种能够满足虚拟加工环境的三维图形的数据结构，给出了实现方案，实现了三维图形的环境调入和毛坯的对接等功

By using constructing elements between GPS net work point and state control point determined by ordinary survey instruments and making use of converting formula of the WGS-84 coordinate system and occupation station original based grid system, the WGS-84 coordinates of the state control point were calculated.

针对GPS控制网与国家控制点联测时遮挡严重的问题，提出了一种虚拟基线的方法，即通过常规方法测出GPS网中某点与国家控制点之间的基线构造元素，并利用WGS84地心坐标系与站心地平直角坐标系之间的转换模型计算出国家控制点的WGS84地心坐标，然后根据GPS商业处理软件的基线格式构造出GPS网中某点与国家控制点之间的虚拟基线，并入整个GPS控制网中进行平差解算。

VTK is an object-oriented universal class library, which is widely used in science and engineering field. In this paper, the visualization pipeline of VTK is introduced, and it is discuss that principles and implemental methods of two interactive cutting. This technique could be applied to medical teaching, scientific research and clinical diagnosis where virtual cutting is needed, finished the functions of 3D reconstruction and virtual cutting, thereby satisfy requirements of clinic and research.

VTK是面向对象的通用可视化类库，在科学和工程界有着广泛的应用，文中主要介绍交互式切割的意义以及VTK的可视化开发流程，并在此基础上讨论了两种交互式切割方式(Cropping和Clipping)的原理和实现方法，提出将其应用于医学教学、科研和临床诊断的虚拟切割中的设想，完成三维重建与虚拟切割的功能，从而满足临床与科研的需要。

The virtual electronics laboratory, based on virtual prototype and computer network, is an advanced idea of research, experiment, development, and design. The VEL is the third scientific research and engineering design way in addition to theory and experiment.

引言 虚拟实验室是一种特别的、分布式的解决问题的环境，是提供给用户的一个基于网络的技术交流、共同研究、协同工作的平台，是一种基于计算机虚拟原型系统的全新的科学研究与工程设计方法，是除理论与实物实验之外的第三种研究设计手段和形式。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。