虚拟的

The development of modern skin flap chirurgery needs badly the three- dimension picture system to display the blood supply and other profound structures and functions. This kind of system can also support the clinical training, designing of operative route, suppositional operation procedure and fidelity navigation during the operation. 3D imaging studies such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance provide the primary source of patient-specific data for such medical applications. The two-dimensional (2D) images produced by CT and MR imaging techniques represent a series of cross-sectional image slices through ones anatomy.

现代皮瓣外科学的发展迫切需要显示其血供等复杂结构和功能的三维图像系统，为临床医生的培训、手术入路的设计、手术过程的虚拟和术中的精确导航提供支持，同时随着人体标本来源的日趋减少，有必要建立一整套包括常用皮瓣、肌瓣和骨瓣在内的三维解剖以供骨科临床教学和训练所用，随着"虚拟人"、计算机虚拟技术和现代医学影像技术的快速发展，使得虚拟皮瓣外科手术的研究与应用成为可能。

Based on the designing task, the paper gives a comparative analysis of current fault diagnosing methods such as reasoning-based, model-based, artificial neuron-based and case-based, The paper presents an intelligent diagnosing system composed of expert system and virtual apparatus where virtual apparatus is used as man-machine conversation interface to collect data and call expert-system and expert-system is the core for diagnosis analysis, elementally projecting the diagnosis system.

根据设计任务的要求，对现有的故障诊断方法：基于推理的方法、基于模型的方法、基于人工神经网络的方法、基于案例的方法等方法进行了对比分析，提出了以虚拟仪器作为人机对话界面及接收采集数据部分，专家系统作为诊断分析部分的核心，虚拟仪器调用专家系统进行分析的智能故障诊断系统，即专家系统加虚拟仪器的诊断系统。

Secondly, the paper is expanded from follow three aspects: the virtual design, the virtual process and the product data managementduring the developing the torque converter. Applying the key technique of concurrent engineering---design for function, design for assemblyand design for manufactureof the method of design for "X", the virtual design of the torque converter is accomplished in CATIA V5. Then the model constitution and the simulation of virtual process of the torque converter is done in CATIA V5, including the model constitution and the simulation of 5-aixe NC virtual process of the vane, the model constitution（material:PVC） of the idler pulley rapid prototypingand the virtual assembly and the motion simulation of the torque converter, etc. 3-D data exchange between various CAD systems is realized by using STEP standard. The lever of classing the character model of the torque converter is given. And the access authorization is set up and given to manage the partners' reading/writing the product data.

应用并行工程的关键技术之一——面向产品全生命周期的设计DFX中面向功能的设计DFF、面向装配的设计DFA和面向制造的设计DFM的方法，在CATIA V5中完成液力变矩器虚拟设计；在CATIA V5中对液力变矩器进行虚拟加工建模和仿真，包括液力变矩器导轮叶片五轴数控加工刀轨建模与仿真、导轮快速成型RP建模、液力变矩器虚拟装配和运动仿真等；采用STEP标准实现多CAD系统之间三维数据交换，提出液力变矩器特征模型的分级标准并对三维模型数据进行分级管理，制定相应的权限等级以规范合作厂家的产品数据管理层次。

By analyzing several currently-used visual displaying schemes for cranes simulation training, a display concept based on enhanced virtuality is proposed and some key issues in it are discussed. Manipulation based human-computer interaction technology is studied and two typical virtual controller are realized by associating the time or the location parameter of modeling with its movement parameters. A implement method of physical controller is presented based on virtual keyboard mapping technology and a compact and flexible control box prototype is obtained. Using it, users can operate the virtual crane conveniently.

分析了目前起重机模拟培训常用的几种视景显示方案，提出了一种基于增强现实的显示概念，并对其中若干问题的实现方法进行了探讨；研究了基于操纵的人机交互技术，通过时间或造型位置与起重机运动参数之间建立的联系，实现了两种典型的虚拟控制器；提出了一种基于虚拟键盘映射技术的物理控制器解决方案，设计了一个小巧、灵活的控制盒原型，可以方便地操作虚拟起重机并实现有关运动。

Concept and key characteristics of virtual prototyping technology and the advantage of using it to design the dispatcher of hydraulic die press are described.

分析虚拟样机技术的主要特点及其用于水压机分配器设计的优点，阐述水压机分配器的设计原理，详细介绍了利用SolidWorks设计分配器的过程，其中包括虚拟样机的三维建模、虚拟装配、图形渲染、干涉检查、二维工程图的转换等。

This invention discloses an intelligent layout method for household furniture including the following steps: 1, obtaining data and carrying out analysis and sorting, 2, storing data in a database according to the sorts, 3, picking up necessary data from the database and generating a virtual pattern of bedrooms and furniture models, 4, displaying the generated virtual pattern on the user terminal, the user daggles and puts positions of the virtual furniture, 5, playing up the effect to the determined household layout to get the effect picture.

本发明公开了一种家居智能布局方法，应用计算机处理技术，包括下列步骤：1获取数据并进行分析和分类；2按照类别将数据存储在数据库中；3从数据库中提取所需的数据，生成居室和家具模型的虚拟图形；4将生成的虚拟图形显示在用户终端；用户在显示窗口拖曳、摆放虚拟家具的位置；5对确定的家居布局进行效果渲染而获得家居布局效果图。

Position tracker is one of the most critical input devices for human-machine interface utilities in virtual reality and other human-machine interaction systems.It determines the position and orientation of an object of interest (such as the user's head) and passes the information to the host computer in real time,which redraws the virtual world on the basis of the current visual point of the user.

位置跟踪器是虚拟现实和其它人机实时交互系统中最重要的输入设备之一，它实时地测量用户身体或其局部的位置和方向并作为用户的输入信息传递给虚拟现实系统的主控计算机，从而根据用户当前的视点信息刷新虚拟场景的显示。

Position tracker is one of the most critical input devices for human-machine interface utilities in virtual reality and other human-machine interaction systems.It determines the position and orientation of an object of interest (such as the user's head) and passes the information to the host computer in real time,which redraws the virtual world on the basis of the current visual point of the user.

摘 要：位置跟踪器是虚拟现实和其它人机实时交互系统中最重要的输入设备之一，它实时地测量用户身体或其局部的位置和方向并作为用户的输入信息传递给虚拟现实系统的主控计算机，从而根据用户当前的视点信息刷新虚拟场景的显示。

VRGIS is a virtual reality technology, which can researches geosciences or takes geoscientific system as object, as well as is a rising research branch of GIS recently.

虚拟现实地理信息系统(Virtual Reality Geographic Information System，简称VRGIS)是虚拟现实与地理信息系统相结合的技术，是一种用于研究地球科学的，或以地球科学系统为对象的虚拟现实技术，也是近年来一个新兴的地理信息系统的研究分支。

The paper first presents a linear timeconsuming model of data access through the analysis of the virtual storage principle and then gives a decision-making method for data placement and access path selection problem. In the development of this method, the concept of equivalent of virtual storage cost is defined to evaluate the data placement cost in the FC-SAN virtual storage environment.

首先通过分析虚拟存储原理提出了一个数据访问耗时的线性模型；然后，就数据放置和访问路径选择提出了一个决策方法；并在进一步探讨这一方法的过程中，定义了&虚拟存储代价当量&的概念，用以评价FC-SAN虚拟存储环境中的数据放置的代价，从而为评价以及如何选择数据放置和访问路径提供了一种定量的手段。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。