藓类

Two-dimensional scatter plot of principal axes analysis,systematic cluster tree and the minimal spanning tree on the basis of niche overlaps were drawn,which revealed the ecological similarity of 42 moss species.The combinative application of principal axes analysis,systematic cluster analysis and minimal spanning tree method on the basis of niche overlaps could express the ecological similarities among species intuitively.

以此为指标，分别应用主坐标排序、图论聚类及系统聚类分析方法，作出了反映42种地面藓类的种间生态关系的二维投影图、最小生成树和动态聚类图。3种方法相结合，能够对生态位重叠值矩阵进行直观地表达，并使所表达的藓类种间关系具有确切的生态学含义。

The leaf anatomical structures of the mosses are of ecological adaptation to their habitats. The mosses wider dry conditions often have thickened laminal cell-walls on the surfaces, and some of them have appendiculate structures.

藓类植物叶的解剖结构具有生态适应意义，旱生环境下的藓类植物，叶片细胞胞壁具不同程度的增厚，有些藓类植物叶片具附属结构，藓类植物中肋的有无，反映了对水分吸收和运输方式的不同。

The differentiation states of costae indicates the ways they absorb and transport water, and their ability adapting to the dry conditions, which was elucidated by the following examples: Brachythecium plumosum, because of its thin cell-walls in the costae and the absence of hydrome, assistant and steroid cells, can absorb water and nutrition under shady and moist conditions; Plagiomnium rostratum, though often grows in shady and wet condition, has hydrome and steroid cells, a feature similar to those of xeric mosses, which endows it to grow in the conditions with periodical drought stress during its life cycle; Hygrohypnum luridum is characterized by its slender leaves with only one layer of cells, the thin cell-walls, the absence of filaments on the leaf surface, and the fewer layer cells in the costae, the absence of hydrome and steroid cells. These features make it adaptable to aquatic environments. For Pogonatum inflexum and Atrichum undulatum, their ventral surfaces covered with lamella, while for Racomitrium japonicum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Macromitrium ferriei, Diphyscium fulvifolium, Barbula unguiculata and Ceratodon purpureus, their leaves are strongly mammillose or papillos. Such appendiculate structures made them adaptable to thy conditions.

例如，荫湿生环境下的羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum，其中肋细胞胞壁较薄，无导水主细胞和副细胞的分化，也没有厚壁细胞分化，能够在阴湿环境下吸收水分和养分；钝叶匍灯藓Plagiomnium rostratum具有与旱生藓类植物相似的中肋结构，叶片较厚，中肋具导水主细胞，中肋背面具厚壁细胞，这些特点使该种藓类植物能够分布于间隙性干旱胁迫的环境中；水灰藓Hygrohypnum luridum叶片纤细柔弱，仅1层细胞，细胞胞壁薄，叶表无附属结构，中肋细胞层数少，无导水主细胞分化，也没有厚壁细胞，这些特点使得水灰藓'能够生长在水生环境中；东亚小金发藓Pogonatum inflerum和波叶仙鹤藓Atrichum undulatum的叶腹面覆盖着栉片，东亚砂藓Racomitrium japonicum、大羽藓Thuidium cymbifolium、福氏蓑藓Macromitrium ferriei、东亚短颈藓Diphyscium fuhifolium、扭口藓Barbula unguiculata和角齿藓Ceratodon purpureus的叶片表面有乳头状突起或疣状物，这些附属结构使它们能够适应于旱生的环境中。

By using atomatic absorption spectrophotometer, we analysed the contents of 7 elements in five mosses Didymodon fallax, D.

利用原子吸收光谱仪对湖北铜山口铜矿5种藓类植物（北地对齿藓Didymodon fallax、尖叶对齿藓D。

In urban parks and green lands where human disturbance was greater, soil pH was alkali, and the species were mainly belonging to the genera of Haplocladium and Bryum and the family of Pottiaceae. In hilly area where human disturbance was lesser, soil pH turned to acidic, and the bryophytes were more, with pleurocarpous mosses and liverworts being relatively rich.

在市区平原地势的公园和绿地，人为干扰较大，土壤呈碱性，苔藓植物种类以小羽藓属、真藓属和丛藓科为主；而在海拔较高的丘陵地区，人为干扰较小，土壤呈酸性，苔藓植物种类相对丰富，侧蒴藓类和苔类较多。

The main results are as follows:① The contents of the seven elements in both the mosses and the substrates are much higher than those normal condition;② Didymodon fallax has stronger capacity to accumulate the element Cd. It can be as the indicator of Cd;③ Comparing with the other 4 mosses, Bryum dichotomum possesses stronger enriching function for Cu, Zn, and Pb.

结果表明，铜山口铜矿这5种藓类植物体内及其生长基质中，Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg等4种元素含量较高；北地对齿藓对Cd有较强的富集能力，可以作为寻找Cd矿的特征植物；相对于其它4种藓类植物，双色真藓对Cu、Zn、Pb有较强的富集能力，可以作为寻找Cu矿、Zn矿、Pb矿的参考植物；舌叶毛口藓对Hg有一定的富集能力，可以作为寻找Hg矿的参考植物。

Five bryophytes (Rhytidium rugosum, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Hylocomium splendens, Hylocomium pyrenathum, and Polytrichum alpiunm) were exposed to 0.2 KJ?m^(-2)?d^(-1)(visible light under native condition, CK), 3.0 kJ?m^(-2)?d^(-1)(simulated dose of UV-B irradiance at the tundra in Changbai Mountains, medium dose of UV-B irradiance, T1), and 6.0 kJ?

对生长在中国长白山的5种藓类植物―垂枝藓、拟垂枝藓、塔藓、星塔藓和高山金发藓分别以辐射强度为0.2、3.0和6.0kJ？

In this subject we maked Hypnum hamulosum and Thuidium cymbifolium as objects to monitor the air pollution of heavy metal and SO2 of Nanjing city using moss bags,combined simulated test and monitoring of natural pollution to discuss the mechanism of mosses to be used as monitor of air pollution of heavy metals.

本课题以弯叶灰藓和大羽藓为研究对象，采用苔袋法对南京地区的大气重金属和SO2污染进行了监测，通过室内模拟培养与室外自然污染监测相结合的方法，对树木附生藓类监测大气重金属污染机理作了初步的探讨。

So to study the evolution of CHS genes, the ideal data set should include the sequences of CHS genes from musci and other systematic groups of higher rank.

依据类黄酮物质存在与否，可推测CHS基因最早出现在藓类，因此，为研究CHS基因的进化，取材最好包括藓类和更高等的分类群。

Brachytheciaceae is an important large family of Pleurocarpous mosses. The range of Brachytheciaceae always changed, and there have been different opinions on it all over the world.

青藓科是侧蒴藓类中一个重要的大科，青藓科的范围在世界上历来存在很多争议，有颇多变迁。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。