薄膜状态

The constitution equation for cartilage is of Hooke elastic material type and that of muscle is of exponential type with two material parameters.

气管的软骨部分为薄圆柱壳的弹性小变形薄膜和弯曲变形状态，而肌肉部分为大应变薄膜应力状态，忽略其弯曲刚性。

With the improvement of auto coating's performance and application techniques, the current coating's performance of filminess can be compared to the thick film.

随着汽车涂料性能的提高和涂装技术的不断改进，现在涂料薄膜状态的性能可以和以前厚膜状态的涂料相媲美，单台整车涂料用量逐渐减少，现在一台新车的涂料和10年前相比节省了40%。

By Wolfe et al., which related with both film materials and the precision of

所测得的结果比Wolfe等人测量的体材料的结果要大，这和样品是薄膜状态有关，也和测量精度有关。

This paper describes the photochromism and thermal back-isomerization of 4-undecylen-[10]-amidoazobenzene and its homo-and copolysiloxanes in solution and solid film.

本文研究了对十一烯酰胺基偶氮苯及其硅氧烷均聚、共聚的梳状聚合物在溶液或薄膜状态下的光致变色性和热回复性。

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

The UV absorption and photoluminescence properties of phenanthroline derivatives with triphenylamine and oxadiazole groups and their europium complexes were investigated. These europium complexes display intense UV absorption and photoluminescence properties. The PL results from emission of Eu3+ ion in their pure thin films. A maximum PL wavelength is 612 nm and a full width at half maximum is from 9 nm to 15 nm for the PL of these europium complexes, respectively.

2研究了三芳胺和噁二唑功能化的邻菲罗啉中性配体及其铕配合物的紫外吸收和光致发光性能，研究结果表明，这类新型的铕配合物具有强烈的紫外吸收和光致发光性能，铕配合物在固体薄膜状态下都能发射出强烈的铕离子特征峰，其最大发射波长为612 nm，半峰宽为9～15 nm。

Seven polyimides were synthesized and their films were uniaxially stretched to observe the variation in their in-plane birefringence. The creep method of DMA was used instead in stretching the PI films. The preload force and isothermal temperature were the two controlled factors that were chosen on the basis of the lowest stretchable force and lowest temperature for each PI structure. The elongation ratio of a PI film was then decided by the stretching time.

在此是以DMA 的另一种试片拉伸方式-Creep模式，来取代之前的Stress Relaxation模式对PI薄膜试片进行拉伸实验，Creep模式是以最低的拉伸力量及最低的拉伸温度的前提下，选择Pre-load Force与Isothermal Temperature这二项为拉伸控制因素，在此状态下的PI薄膜拉伸比是取决於其拉伸的时间，此种拉伸模式将可得到较高的拉伸比，而高的拉伸比是获取较高薄膜双折射率的必要条件。

In solution, the vanadyl or copper Pc with alkylamido group in 2 or 3- position exist mainly in the form of aggregate, and the others exist mainly in monomer.

和在溶液中不同，化合物在纯固体薄膜状态下都是主要以聚集体形式存在。

Results show that MoS2-Ti composite coatings grow in islands pattern, their cross-section appear to be dense columnar structure.

结果表明：不同Ti含量的MoS2-Ti复合薄膜呈岛状生长模式，断面呈致密细柱状，结晶状态均为无定形态；薄膜的显微硬度随Ti含量增加而升高；MoS2-Ti复合薄膜在大气中的摩擦磨损性能优于MoS2薄膜，掺杂适当Ti可以使MoS2-Ti复合薄膜的摩擦曲线波动减小，耐磨寿命提高，在本试验研究范围内，含30%Ti复合薄膜的耐磨寿命最长，当Ti掺杂量达到50%时MoS2-Ti复合薄膜失去润滑性能。

Further picosecond PL studies on dendronized PFs show that the fluorene-based emission in dilute solution follows a single exponential decay, whereas those in thin film decayed in a multi-phase manner and the lifetime prolongs with the generation of dendronization. These observations are discussed in terms of dispersive transport happening between adjacent chains in film. The dispersive relaxation can be controlled by site isolation of bulky dendrons. Our results prove that dendronization is highly effective in controlling the inter-chain interactions of fluorene-based polymers.

不同代数树枝化聚芴的时间分辨荧光动力学研究结果表明，溶液状态下的发光为单指数衰减行为，而薄膜状态下的发光为多指数衰减行为，且其发光寿命随树枝化代数增加而增长，表明树枝化基团抑制了邻近的聚芴分子之间能量传递所致的激发态能量耗散。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。