薄膜形成

In this work, nanostructure samples of La1-xCaxMnO3（x=0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5）were prepared by hydrothermal-precipitation method . The structural characterization of the powder samples were done by X-ray diffraction. XRD patterns showed that all the samples ate single perovskite-type phase withoutother impurity or secondary phase. The shape and size of samples were performed on Scanning Electron Microscopy. SEM photographs investigated that temperature of hydrothermal effects the phase of samples and alkalinity of the reaction mixture by ΔTad-T curve measurement device at low magnetic fielded

本论文采用水热共沉淀退火法制备了La1-xCaxMnO3（x=0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5）系纳米结构，用X射线衍射仪确定产物为单相钙钛矿结构，无任何杂峰及第二相；用扫描电子显微镜与透射电子显微镜分析了产物的大小和形貌，发现水热温度对产物的形成起决定作用，随着温度的升高，产物由薄膜状向丝状转变，而溶液的碱度可控制产物的形貌和大小，当碱度为6.35mol/L，水热温度为240 C时，La0.6Ca0.4MnO3的主要形貌为纳米丝并有少量纳米颗粒，纳米丝平均直径为40nm；最后测量了粉末样品在低磁场（1.4T）下的磁热效应，发现水热共沉淀退火法制备样品的最大绝热温度明显高于球磨法制备样品的最大绝热温变。

The single photon stream can be obtained via atmospheric dispersion, some weakeners, and narrow-band optical filters. A photon-electron produced in microchannel plate is multiplied, forming a charge cloud. This event charge is collected on the Ge film and then is detected by WSA through capacitive coupling from a few millimeters behind the Ge film.

紫外光经过减光和滤光后入射微通道板，产生的光电子在微通道板内倍增后形成电子云，由呈高阻特性的半导体Ge薄膜收集后，通过电荷耦合感应到Ge膜衬底背面的位敏阳极。

Finally, the effect of spin coating polymer film error to the attenuator was simulated. Three kinds of errors were considered, which were film thickness, waveguides width and angle of Y branch.

最后，考虑了旋涂法成膜及光刻对器件形成造成的宏观误差，模拟了薄膜厚度，波导宽度和Y分支角钝角给器件性能带来的影响。

Dyeing process is to use a knife dipping wax melted wax on the white cotton cloth depicting a predetermined pattern, the wax solution formed after solidification anti-pollution film, put cotton into the dye vat of dip several times , so that there is no wax to protect the white film was dyeing, printing and dyeing cloth after the boiling water, so that membrane fusion and drift away from the wax, cotton cloth, cotton cloth exposed color get a white pattern.

印染工艺是用蜡刀浸沾熔化的蜡液在白棉布上描绘预定的图样，蜡液凝固后形成防染薄膜，把棉放入染缸中浸染数次，使没有蜡膜保护的白布被染色，印染后的棉布用水煮沸，使蜡膜熔化而漂离棉布，显露棉布原色，得到白色图样。

The vanadium oxide films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectra . It is found that the formation of vanadium oxide films was affected by substrate temperature and annealing time, because high substrate temperature and annealing were favorable to further oxidation.

采用X-射线衍射和X-射线光电子能谱对钒氧化物进行了表征，发现钒氧化物薄膜的形成受衬底温度和退火时间的影响，因为衬底温度以及退火有利于进一步氧化。

Its technology include: washing and cleansing decontamination foam machine, vacuum cleaner suction sewage, sterilization, and finally treatment with anti-fouling agent, so that anti-fouling film formed on the surface of the carpet, to mitigate the effects of pollution again.

其工艺包括：洗地机泡沫清洗除污、吸尘器吸污水、杀菌、最后用防污剂处理，使地毯表面形成防污薄膜，达到减缓再次污染的效果。

This kind of gratings can be kept in the material for a long time. A mode of molecular reorientation was used to explain the formation mechanism of these gratings and it is well consistent with our experimental results. 3. Three kinds of azobenzene polymers P , P (MMA-co-GY7) and P (MMA-co-GO13) were synthesized by radical polymerization. High-density optical storage and the three-dimension (3D) microstructures in the azobenzene polymer films were presented. Twenty gratings have been stored on the same spot in our material. It is twice as many as the best recording that has been reported. It is the first time, a rectangular microstructure and a complicated double layers nesting six-pointed star microstructure are inscribed in it by using a simple two-wave couple setup.

采用共聚反应设计合成了单偶氮苯聚合物P、双偶氮苯聚合物P（MMA-co-GY7）和P（MMA-co-GO13）三种聚合物，研究了偶氮苯聚合物薄膜中的高密度光学存储和3维微结构，成功的将20套光栅储存在样品中同一个点上，是已有报道的两倍；并首次用简单的2波混频光路在该材料中刻写出长方格子和六角星型的微结构，在制作多重不同周期不同角度的高密度光栅结构实验过程中，发现不同周期光栅的刻写顺序对整个微结构形成的最终结果具有决定性的影响，并用相衬显微镜观察了这些微结构图像。

Second, a novel technique to produce a soft roller mold has been developed. A PC micro-lens mold is bent around a carved roller to form a shell-shaped cavity, and then PDMS is poured into it.

其次是滚轮式微透镜阵列软模之制作：将PC微透镜阵列薄膜包覆在刻沟矽胶滚轮上以形成一空穴，并注入PDMS溶液，待固化成型后直接制作出大面积之微透镜阵列滚轮模具。

Transmission electron microscope, selected area electron diffraction and tilting experiment along the crystal a-axis are applied and two completely different phase compositions and structure are found in the light and dark regions of the ring-banded spherulites.

采用透射电子显微镜、选区衍射和倾斜实验技术确定了PTT溶液浇铸薄膜在较低温度下形成的环带球晶的相结构和组成。

The UV curable TiO2 sol is prepared to form TiO2 thin film with 3μm critical dimension TiO2 nanocrystal island array by mixing TiO2 powder, dispersant, emulsifier, alcohol and UV-curable resin.

混合TiO2粉体、分散剂、乳化剂、酒精和光固化树脂等，制备可紫外光固化的TiO2溶胶，并经步进压印形成宽度为3μm的具有离散纳米晶岛微结构的薄膜，经保压复型优化压印工艺后处理，保证了离散纳米晶岛微结构的高保真度。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。