薄弱的

Title: Study on Decision Rule Optimization and Organization of Group Decision-making Abstract Group decision-making, as one of the basic forms of decision-making, plays an important role in economic and political fields due to the ever-increasing complexity of decision issue and the enhanced democracy awareness. Research of group decision-making is receiving more and more attention as the cutting edge of decision-making theory. Fruitful results are achieved in this field, while there are still some weak aspects for further research, especially in the organization and decision process ot group decision-making. Researches in those fields are instrumental in optimizing the organization and decision process of group decision-making. And we have made some exploration in this paper as follows.

随着决策问题的日趋复杂化和人们民主意识的增强，群体决策作为决策的一种基本形式，在政治和经济生活中占有越来越重要的地位，而群体决策作为决策理论研究的热点和前沿也在国内外方兴未艾，并取得了丰硕的成果，但也存在一些薄弱环节和需要深入研究的问题，特别是在群体决策的组织结构和决策过程方面，如群体决策的规则优化、决策规则的约束性质、群体决策中领导的影响、决策者之间的相关性对决策质量的影响、序贯群体决策中各种组织因素对其决策质量、决策效率、决策收益的影响等等。

The first part introduces MPA's historical development in America and its particular characteristics. This partmainly focuses on 5 main characteristics, namely,(1) the development of practical skills as the highest priority in their educational formation,(2) the experience-oriented enrollment system;(3) the perfected curriculum setting,(4) the effective and flexible teaching methods, and (5) the highly trained faculty. The second part analyzes the background and key problems of Chinese MPA's education. It includes a lack of specialized educational aims, an overly grade-conscious enrolment system, a need for a more flexible curriculum, a shortage of "case-oriented" teaching methods and the dearth of a highly trained faculty. The third part proposes a theoretical framework based on the MPA educational model.

本文首先阐述了美国MPA教育的发展历程，并在追溯历史的基础上总结了美国MPA教育的主要特点，即：能力为先的培养目标、注重经历的招生办法、完善多样的课程设置、灵活有效的教学方式以及专兼结合的师资队伍五个方面；然后分析了我国MPA教育产生与发展的宏观背景与学科背景，并从MPA教育微观层面对我国目前存在的主要问题进行剖析，这些问题包括培养目标缺乏个性、招生录取偏重分数、课程设置弹性不足、案例教学较为薄弱、队伍建设有待加强；再从MPA教育的学科性质、培养目标、学科基础、课程设置、馨糕孺教学方法等方面构筑了MPA教育的基本理论框架：最后，提出了我国MPA教育改革与发展的基本思路与主要对策，思路着眼于MPA教育的长远发展，对策主要针对目前我国MPA教育存在的主要问题，包括：适时调整宏观政策、加大教学创新力度、强化师资队伍建设、加强硬件环境建设以及构建开放教育网络五个方面。

The integrative ability, organizing ability, communicative ability of trainings was deficiency. Fourthly, the power of social physical educators in Guangxi universities was so weak that it couldn't satisfy the need of specialty development. For example, the number of special teacher and the practicing ability of teachers are deficiency. The teachers that master special theoretic well and have practicing experience are deficiency especially. Fifthly, social physical practice base have not been building in Guangxi universities. And the necessary equipments of gymnasium are deficiency at the same time. Sixthly, the whole sports technology levels of new social physical students are low and hard to fit for social needing. Seventhly, the professional ideology of students is not stable enough. For example, the special concept and cognition of students are dim. The attitude for learning is not right. The most of students want to or have trend to change their profession after graduating. Eighthly, the ability of students fostered by social physical education in various Guangxi universities has a gap with the ability that students should hold for adapting the need of Guangxi employer. The special technical levels of social physical students are weak. Ninthly, in investigation of social physical personnel being demanded by Guangxi area employers, we found that few social physical personnels were demanded by business unit, the state-operated factory and mining enterprise because of being influenced by economical environment. And the more social physical personnels were demanded by social physical directors, fitness centers and each kind of sports association and so on.

这主要表现为：不够科学的课程体系，在实践性教学环节中的重视程度不够，对学生的综合能力、组织管理能力、社会交际能力的培养较为欠缺；4、对社会体育专业的发展需求这一点而言，广西各高校该专业的师资力量还略显薄弱，难以满足社会的需求，主要体现在：缺乏足够的专业教师数量、教师实践能力欠强，尤其缺乏既有较高理论素养又有实践经验的教师；5、社会体育专业的实习基地在广西各高校中都尚未建立起来，同时一些必备的体育场馆的设施也较为缺乏；6、由于入学时广西社会体育专业的学生在运动技术、技能整体水平相对较低，因此在一些专业方向的需求上难以达到满足；7、在专业思想这一方面而言，广西各高校社会体育专业的学生显得不够稳定，主要表现为：淡薄的学生专业观念，模糊的专业认识，不够端正的学习态度，甚至有相当一部分学生准备毕业后改行或有改行倾向；8、广西各高校社会体育专业培养学生目前所具备的能力与当前广西用人单位所需求的社会体育专业人才应具备的能力尚有一定差距，主要体现在：目前社会体育专业学生的专业技术水平较低，组织能力和社会交际能力较为欠缺等。9、在广西地区用人单位对社会体育专业人才需求量的调查中发现：大多数的企事业单位和国营厂矿企业因受到经济大环境的影响，基本上都不设置专职的体育管理人员，对社会体育专门人才的需求量较少，需求量较大的还是社区体育指导员、体育健身中心、各种体育协会等。

Overed in the room. And through simulation test to the room in the method, the article obtains the wireless transmission model in room to carry on the confirmation to this model.Afterwards, carrying on the analysis to the edge field intensity, and determined the edgeantenna installment position. In the choice cover plan process, introduced each kind of supply oscillator use environment and determined the supply oscillator type. Explaining the distributed system, the optical fiber distribution system and so on several distributed ways. On the comparison, it had determined cover ways which the place was suitable. Through a series of improvements, the article has obtained the plan which is finally used, the antenna, the primary device, the skeleton line amplifier and so on. Afterompleting the room covers, in room distribute system will inevitably change the big net original cover situations.

通过对楼内场强进行现场DT测试，归纳出了信号在室内覆盖的薄弱环，并由此对边缘场强进行了分析，确定了边缘天线的安装位置；在选择覆盖方案的过程中，介绍了各种信号源的使用环境，针对各个场所内的电磁环境、场所的结构、楼层高度等各自不同的特点，业主对覆盖提出的不同要求，确定信号源的类型；对天馈分布系统、光纤分布系统等几种分布方式进行了比较，确定了该覆盖场所所适用的方式：通过一系列的方案组合，对几个不同的方案，根据楼域的结构以及业主的要求进行改进，归纳出了最终所采用的方案，由此确定了天线、元器件、干线放大器等的布放位置。

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

Thus , one can see clearly the music nature of Czerny's music tudes and their profound link with the works of Viennese classicism in terms of spirit , content and technique . In this way , the essay would further help the performers to understand the connotation of the works , to grasp their essence and change the training concept of aiming solely at technical exercises .

车尔尼钢琴练习曲的艺术特色研究至今在国内外尚显薄弱，笔者力图通过本文的写作，重新梳理车尔尼练习曲的音乐性及其与维也纳古典主义作品之间深刻的精神上、内容上、技术上的联系，以更好的帮助演奏者们理解作品的内涵，把握作品的实质，改变单一的以技术训练为目的的练习观点。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。