蕨类植物

Composition of both spermatophyte and pteridophyte flora of a relict Alsophila spinulosa community in Wutongqiao Nature Reserve of Leshan region was discussed. It shows the proportion of Tropic and Cathaysia elements in both spermatophyte flora and pteridophyte flora was almost 2/3 of the total at the genus level, and even more at the family level. There was a distinct ancient endemism phenomenon in spermatophyte flora, owning to being 8 relict and remnant endemism genera in the total of 9. Furthermore, the proportion of Tropic and Cathaysia elements both at family and genus level in the pteridophyte flora were much greater.

选以乐山五通桥桫椤自然保护区-桫椤群落的种子植物区系与蕨类植物区系组成为研究对象，发现种子植物区系在属的水平上热带成分与古华夏成分占到近2/3，在科的水平上则更高；种子植物区系中有9个中国特有属，其中8个为残遗或原始类型的古特有属，表现出典型的古特有现象；而在蕨类植物区系中热带成分和华夏成分所占比重更大。

In this paper the authors reviewed the characteristics in the different phases in the life cycle of ferns. Special attentions were given to the effect of light, plant growth regulators, water and temperature on the fern gametophyte development, and the effect of antheridiogen, light, calcium and other plant growth regulator on the formation and differentiation of fern sex organ.

作者概述了蕨类植物生活周期中不同发育阶段的特点，并着重介绍了光、植物生长调节物质、水和温度等因素对蕨类植物配子体发育的影响以及成精子囊素、光、钙离子和其它植物生长调节物质在性器官形成和分化过程中的作用。

In the study on the fern population structure, we through the analysis of the variation in height structure, leafstalk diameter structure and age structure in various forest communities, found the rule of variation of population, and discussed the reasons of variation of population structure, and explored the suitable habitat of various forest ferns.

在蕨类植物种群结构的研究中，我们通过对不同群落中蕨类植物种群高度结构、叶柄直径结构和年龄结构的研究，发现种群结构变化的规律，找出种群结构变化的原因，探索出各种蕨类植物种群的适生生境。

The applications of chromosome numbers and basic numbers in pteridophyte systematics are reviewed in detail. The significance of karyotype analysis, polyploidy, pogamy, and reticulate evolution in pteridophytic classification, evolution, and phytogeography is also reviewed.

文中论述了蕨类植物染色体数目和染色体基数在系统学上的应用以及蕨类植物染色体组型分析、多倍化、无融合生殖、多倍体复合体及网状进化的研究概况。

Based on research references, Pteridophyte's geographical distribution, chemical constituent and its value

综述蕨类植物及其综合利用价值，为蕨类植物的深入研究、综合开发提供重要的理论依据。

What's more, according to the function, organism study and resource features, it also divides the Pteridophyte resources of this region into 8 types like medicine, appreciation, food, instruction, chemical material, weaving and packaging, fodder and green mature, rare, endangered and precious, and some suggestions on how to exploit and utilize them are put forward as well.

按其用途、生物学习性及资源特点将该区蕨类植物划分为药用、观赏、食用、指示、化工原料、编织、包装、饲料和绿肥及珍稀濒危与珍贵保护蕨类植物8种类型，并提出加大开发力度、推广人工栽培技术、加强资源综合性开发研究，变资源优势为经济优势等建议。

Ferns are found in the valleys in a great variety, the most striking being the Gleichenia Dichotyma,, a hardy fern which covers the hills up to a altitude of 1,600 feet. the following kinds grow only in damp shady spots: Aspidium or shield fern; and Selaginella or Moss fern.

还有，蕨类植物在山谷里随处可见，最有名的是里白木（一种耐寒的蕨类植物，生长在海拔1600英尺的山上），但是绵马根和卷柏这两种蕨类植物只生长在阴暗潮湿的地方。

The representative families are Dryopteridaceae, Athyriaceae, Polypodiaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Selaginellaceae and Aspleniaceae. The main genera are Dryopteris, Selaginella, Asplenium, Arachniodes, Pteris, Allantodia and Plagiogyria. The top families' distribution types are cosmopolitan and pantropic ones, the main genera are pantropical ones, while species distribution type belong to the east Asia type and represents the feature of subtropics transition to warm temperated areatype. As for the order of closeness, the sequence of pteridophytes floristic relations between Songyang and the adjacent regions goes as Southwest China, South China, Central China, Japan, North China, Northwest China and Northeast China. The six upland pteridophytes next to Songyang can be put into the same natural flora because of its closest relationship. But compared with other 11 upland fern flora in China, fern in Songyang is not rich enough. There are 37 species endemic to China in Songyang.

结果表明，松阳蕨类植物共有38科72属161种7变种；优势科为鳞毛蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、水龙骨科、金星蕨科、卷柏科、铁角蕨科，优势属为鳞毛蕨属、卷柏属、铁角蕨属、复叶耳蕨属、凤尾蕨属、短肠蕨属、瘤足蕨属；科的分布以世界分布和泛热带分布为主，属的分布以泛热带分布为最多，种以东亚分布类型为主，特别是中国—日本分布类型最多，表现出亚热带向暖温带过渡的特点；本区与邻近地区蕨类植物区系关系的密切程度由大到小依次为西南、华南、华中、日本、华北、西北、东北；与邻近的6个山地蕨类植物区系的亲缘关系密切，可以划为同一自然区；与国内11山地蕨类植物区系相比，松阳的蕨类植物丰富程度不高；松阳拥有37种中国特有蕨类植物及一些珍稀蕨类植物，有较高的保护价值。

In filicophytes, there was a relatively high ratio of VA mycotrophy in the eusporangiates, and there was no autotrophic in the eusporangiates; but the ratio of autotrophic was up to 71%, and the ratioes of VA mycotrophic and facultative mycotrophic were low, 15% and 14% respectively in the leptosporangiates.

用碱解离、酸性品红染色法对云南热带、亚热带自然生长和部分移栽到温室中的256种（拟蕨类植物20种，真蕨类植物236种）蕨类植物孢子体的VA菌根状况进行了调查研究，结果发现，在拟蕨类植物中，孢子体只存在兼性VA菌根营养和自养两种菌根营养类型，两种类型，两种类型所占的比例相当；在真蕨类植物中，厚囊蕨类植物VA菌根营养的比例较高（92%），且无自养类型；而在薄囊蕨类植物中，自养型占71%，VA菌根营养和兼性菌根营养所占的比例都不高，分别是15%和14%。

Ninety seven spores or sporocarps of VAMF were wet sieved from the rhizosphere soil of mycorrhized pteridophytes, from which 25 VAMF species which belonged to the genera of Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Sclerocystis and Scutellospora respectively were identified, and the taxonomic characters of the 25 species were described. The Glomus fungi were the dominant VAMF in the rhizosphere soil of pteridophytes, they took up 44% in the identified 25 VAMF (11 species belong to Glomus); the fungi in Acaulospora and Sclerocystis in the next place, they took up 24% and 16% respectively in the identified VAMF; the fungi in the other genera took up 16%. In terms of the relationships of pteridophytes and the VAMF isolated from their rhizosphere soil, there was no specifity between the VAMF and their host.

从具有VA菌根的蕨类植物对应的根际土壤中用湿筛法筛取了97份VA菌根真菌的孢子或孢子果，从中鉴定出了分属于无醒囊霉属、巨孢囊霉属、球囊霉属、硬囊霉属和盾孢囊霉属的VA菌根真菌25种，并对这25种真菌的分类学特征进行了描述；球囊霉属真菌是蕨类植物根际土壤中的优势类群，已鉴定的25种真菌中，有11种属球囊霉属真菌，占44%，其次是无梗囊霉属和硬囊霉属真菌，分别占24%和16%，其他属的VA菌根真菌占16%，从分离鉴定的蕨类植物根际土壤中的VA菌根真菌与蕨类植物的关系看，VA菌根真菌与蕨类植物之间无明显的专一性。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。