蒿属

Objective:This research focused on analyzing the differences of psbA-trnH region sequences of Artemisia annua L,Artemisia capillaris Thunb and Artemisia carvifolia Buch, which can provide the species-special character-sites for discriminating them.

目的：采用叶绿体上psbA-trnH序列中的信息，运用物种特异的DNA序列信息位点区分黄花蒿和常见同属植物的混淆种茵陈蒿、青蒿，为药用植物的鉴定提供科学依据。

During ～2.68-2.45 Ma, the vegetation was dominated by arbores, mainly Pinus, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia, indicating a cold warm climate in the mountain region. During ～2.45-2.11 Ma, herbs increased rapidly and the climate became dry-cold, indicating the characteristic of the bushveld climate. During 2.11-1.49 Ma, the quantity and species of the herbs reached the culmination and the bush increased accordingly, showing that the climate became more and more arid. During 1.49-1.36 Ma, herbs declined slightly but pteridophytes increased relatively greatly, revealing a dry-cold grassland climate.

约在2.68～2.45Ma期间，植被以乔木为主，主要为松、藜、蒿，属山地寒温气候；约在 2.45～2.11Ma期间，草本植物迅速上升，气候变得干旱寒冷，显示出灌木草原气候特征；在2.11～1.49Ma期间，草本植物数量和种类达到之最，灌木相对增加，也显示气候进一步趋于干旱；在1.49～1.36Ma期间，草本植物有小幅下降，但蕨类植物增加幅度较大，显示了干冷草原气候特征。

New species of Pedicularis Linn.

Title 西藏马先蒿属新种。

Any of numerous perennial Old World herbs having showy brightly colored flower heads of the genera Chrysanthemum; Argyranthemum; Dendranthema; Tanacetum; widely cultivated.

东半球多年生草本植物，各色亮丽花-的菊科植物；木茼蒿属；菊属；菊蒿-；被广泛种植。

From 6860 to 3170 cal.yr BP,semi-desert steppeexpanded,regional montane forest steppe retreated,suggesting a prolonged warm and dryclimate.Between 3170 and 2340 cal.yr BP,regional forest steppe expanded whereassemi-desert steppe retreated,indicating the climate became cool and wet gradually and thehumidity reached the maximum at the end of this stage.During 2340～1600 cal.yr BP,Poaceae steppe dominated whereas wetland meadow expanded and the montane forest stepperetreated,suggesting a cool and wet climate prevailed,wormwood grass steppe prevailed andthe climatic instability increased after 1600 cal.a BEThe climate and environmental reconstructions by pollen were supported by the diatomrecords.A relative high lake level and moister climate prevailed between 8660 and 7230 cal.yr BP as inferred by the dominance of planktonic diatom genera and high planktonic/benthicratio (〉40).low lake level and dry climate sustained during 7230～2330 cal.yr BP assuggested by the low abundance of planktonic diatom and low planktonic/benthic ratio ～20and the lake returned to high level during 2330～930 cal.yr BP as inferred by there-dominance of the planktonic diatom and the high value of palnktonic/benthic ratio.The pollen-based climate reconstruction was also consolidated by the grain size andPediastrum concentration records.

Ugii Nuur湖周围现代孢粉研究表明：松属为空气传播的外来花粉，其含量变化可能指示了远山森林草原发育状况；禾本科具显著低代表性，母体植物建群时含量通常在10％以下：藜科花粉含量可以指示区域气候干旱程度。2、以现代孢粉研究为基础、可靠AMS~(14)C年代为框架，Ugii Nuur孢粉记录高分辨率地重建了蒙古国中部地区过去8660 cal.yr BP以来的植被和气候变化。8660～7800 cal.yr BP研究区植被为禾草草原，湖畔及河谷低地发育苔草草甸，远山发育松属针叶林和森林草原，气候温和略湿润；其中8350～8250 cal.yr BP湿生草甸扩张，旱生植物成分减少，气候凉湿。7800～6860 cal.yr BP旱生成分增加，气候转向暖干。6860～3170 cal.yrBP半荒漠草原扩张，远山森林草原退缩，山地草原和河谷及湖畔湿生草甸退缩，气候持续暖干。3170～2340 cal.yr BP半荒漠草原退缩，远山森林草原扩张，气候转凉变湿，末期湿度条件达最佳。2340～1600 cal.yr BP禾草草原发育，湖畔及河谷低地湿生草甸扩张，远山森林草原略有退缩，气候总体较凉湿。1600 cal.yr BP以来研究区发育禾草-冷蒿草原，气候波动较大。

The systematic evolution and the geographical distribution of Meconopsis.

绿绒蒿属的系统演化及地理分布。

The paper is to summarize the research on Tibetan medicine of Genus Meconopsis in recent years and provide theoretic basis and scientific methods for further research.

本文对近年来绿绒蒿属藏药化学成分，药用价值及其药理活性等方面的研究进行了概述，为进一步科学的研究提供了理论基础和科学方法。

A study on the taxonomic system of the genus Meconopsis.

Title 绿绒蒿属分类系统的研究。

The systematic evolution and the geographical distribution of Meconopsis.

标题 绿绒蒿属的系统演化及地理分布。

Any of several North American composite subshrubs of the genera Artemis or Seriphidium.

北美蒿属的任何一种混合的亚灌木。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。