蒸腾流

This paper puts forward a kind of non-ablative wireless stem flow sensor on ZigBee, which heats up the stalk by the enwrapped calefaction probe and decides the heat transfer quantity of stem flow by the value of the temperature probe to calculate the plant transpiration rate.

蒸腾量是反映植物生理信息最重要的因素之一，本文通过包裹式的加热探头给茎杆加热，由温度测量探头来确定茎流的热传输量以推算出植物的蒸腾量，提出了一种基于ZigBee技术的非侵入式无线茎流传感器。

The study was focused on the amount of available water in soil, hydraulic conductivity in soil-root system from different root zones, sap flow from root to stem, compensatory effect of root water uptake, the fruit growth and physiological attibutes, evaporation and transipiration, and plant water use efficiency. Experiment plants involved apple tree, grape, peach, etc. Fruit trees were irrigated in both half root zones or water was continuously supplied to the one-half and the other half kept dry(fixed partial rootzone irrigation, F), or water was alternatively supplied to two halves (alternative partial rootzone irrigation, A).

项目通过水平或垂直方向交替滴灌、固定局部滴灌及均匀灌溉方式，研究根区土壤湿润方式改变对果树根系微生态系统水分有效性、水分传导、根系吸水补偿效应、根茎液流、生长生理状况、蒸发蒸腾及水分利用效率的影响。

The two tree water consumption characteristics, Populus simonii and Robinia pseudoacacie, and the interactions mechanism with environment factors were both studied at the level of leaf and singletree in terms of the modern technology of heat pulse sap flow and thermal dissipation sap flow probe. The two main purposes of study are to provide the science evidence in estimating the ecologic water consumption rules and to arrange better densities of the two tree species stand.

本文以北京市官厅库区水源涵养林的主要造林树种：小叶杨、刺槐为研究对象，采用当前国内外最先进的热脉冲式树干边材液流测定技术和热扩散式树干边材液流测定探针测定技术，从叶片和单株水平上探讨了刺槐和小叶杨的蒸腾耗水特性以及它们与环境因子之间的影响机理，其结果不仅可为更精确地估计生态用水定额提供科学依据，而且也可为该区域这两种树种的选择及其合理林分的密度起到一定的指导作用。

Many researchers have determined and estimated tree transpiration by using the methods of rapid weighting, steady-state porometer, photosynthesis system, whole-tree photometer, ventilated chamber, weighting potted-plant, sap flow measurements, lysimeter, water balance, energy balance, Bowen ratio, eddy covariance, Penman-monteith Method, and remote sensing.

针对不同的植被覆盖类型，国内外许多研究通过各种手段和方法，如快速称量、稳态气孔计、光合作用测定、整树容器、风调室、盆栽称量、液流测定法、蒸渗仪、水量平衡、能量平衡、波文比、涡动相关、彭曼联合法和遥感等来估算林木蒸腾作用。

Plants adapted to blown sand stress through different ways which included ground biomass decrease and leaf roll, cutin and cell wall thicking and stomatal depression, all of these could decline water losses.

在强风沙流吹袭特别是在多次吹袭下，气孔下陷加剧，抑制了叶肉细胞向大气蒸腾水分。

In winter, snow accumulates and melts fast in spring. Snowmelt flood and a summer flood display a double peak pattern of discharge route. In order to simulate the precipitation-runoff features in semi-arid regions, an Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction model with detailed energy and water transfer processes between atmosphere, vegetation and soil was used.

由于这些特点，在地表水量平衡的计算和模拟中，蒸发的估算十分重要，为此在植被-大气相互作用模式中对水文过程作了改进，模式中包含了大气-植被-土壤间的能量和水分传输过程，特别是半干旱区地表蒸发和植被的蒸腾过程作了比较细致的处理，考虑了蓄满和超渗两种产流机制，同时采用了一个简化的雪盖模型。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。