蒸发的

The cooling process involves complex droplet evaporation, strong convective heat and mass transfer, therefore a deep understanding of spray characteristics is essential to optimize the nozzle design and improve the cooling efficiency of the spray. This paper presents a theoretical model to describe the equilibrium evaporation process of a single droplet in cryogen spray.

为了深入了解制冷剂喷雾特性以提高冷却效率、优化喷嘴设计，利用质量传递数法推导传质方程，通过选取合适的阻力系数经验关联式建立了动量方程，考虑液滴蒸发以及与环境气体的对流换热建立了液滴能量方程，初步建立了单个制冷剂液滴平衡蒸发阶段蒸发冷却理论模型。

Because the region of laser-vapour interaction is on the symmetric axis, the author conducted thoroughgoing studies in metal evaporation in vacuum by one-dimensional model.

考虑到实际过程中，激光作用区处于蒸发装置的对称轴线上，本文用一维球面蒸发模型对真空金属蒸发作了深入的研究。

The relations between soil surface resistance and evaporating time ,and difference of vapour pressure between evaporating plane and atmosphere were simulated.Simulating result of the latter was better than that of the former .

同时，还对土壤表面阻力与蒸发时间的关系、与蒸发时间及土壤蒸发面和大气间水汽压差的关系进行了模拟，结果后一种比前一种模拟更符合实际。

The research mainly includes:(1) As for some existing problems in simplified graded-evaporation calculation anddescription of catchment impoundage, in the dissertation, taking Dahuofang Runoff Model foran example, the function of membership grade was used to fuzzily describe the evaporationand impoundage. It can solve parameter sensitivity resulted from original graded-evaporationcalculation and get a reasonable evaporation result.

主要研究内容和成果如下：(1)对产流模型中采用分级简化计算蒸发和流域蓄水容量描述存在的问题，以大伙房模型为例，首先利用隶属度函数对蒸发和蓄水容量进行模糊描述，解决了原分级计算导致蒸发参数敏感，蒸发量计算不合理的问题。

The result shows that well developed microbiotic crust results in less invalidation precipitation than sandy soil, but sandy soil conserves 18% precipitation in deeper layer when the soil covered with microbiotic crust had been dry completely.

结果表明，结皮和流沙地表的蒸发速率随时间的变化趋势基本相同，但在不同的蒸发阶段具有各自不同的特点，总的说来，发育良好的苔藓结皮导致相对较少的无效降水，但在更长的时间维持较高的蒸发速率；流沙和初步发育的降尘结皮导致了较多的无效降水，但由于降水的入渗深度相对较深，需要更长的时间完成蒸发过程。

The evaporation of some oils and their emulsifies was modeled with pan evaporation method, and the characteristics of the evaporation in different states was inspected.

结合原油组分特点，认为过去将原油蒸发当边界层控制来处理，以及以纯水蒸发速率方程为基础通过修正而建立起的原油蒸发速率方程是缺乏理论根据的。

The result showed that the conventional and optimum design model of complex multi-evaporation had good universality. The new algorithm could be used to solve model more stably and more effectivly. The energy-saving effect was notable when all kinds of energy-saving measure were adopted and T0, Tk, tpj,Δti were optimized. In these conditions, the annual cost of optimum design decreased by 36.44% and 40.76% respectively than conventional design for the complex cross-feed and parallel-feed quadruple-effect evaporation system with solid separation. An optimum design software for multi-evaporation was developed, which had strong function, amity interface and easy maneuverability. This software may be applied to conventional and optimum design of multi-evaporation system under different conditions.

研究结果表明，复杂多效蒸发系统常规及优化设计的数学模型具有很强的通用性，求解模型的新算法稳定且高效；同时采用各种节能措施且对T_0、T_k、t_、Δti进行优化的系统节能效果最显著，对有固相析出的复杂错流、平流四效蒸发系统在上述情况下的优化设计比没有节能措施的常规设计可分别节省年总费用36.44%和40.76%；用可视化语言Visual Basic 6.0 编制的多效蒸发设计软件，功能强大、界面友好、使用方便，可用于多种流程、不同情况组合的多效蒸发系统常规及优化设计计算。

The results showed that the sandy soil in layered soil profile can stimulate or obstacle the water movement as compared to the uniform loam column with 50cm depth of water table, this was mainly determined by the position of the sand layer.

结果表明，砂层对于水分的蒸发既有促进也有抑制作用，在地下水埋深为50 cm时，5 cm厚的底砂层可使水分的蒸发强度增加10%～20%；砂层距水位的距离大于5 cm时，砂层可抑制水分的蒸发，且当距离增加到35 cm左右，其抑制率可达70%～80%；当砂层距水位的距离继续增大时，水分的蒸发强度基本保持不变。

However, in large differential pressure operating conditions, evaporation pressure has eased, the evaporator load requirements of the fluid volume decreased, but the actual situation the contrary, in the suction superheat unchanged, due to evaporation pressure has eased, the evaporator outlet pressure be reduced accordingly, pressure changes above and below the diaphragm, causing the main valve opening increases for increased fluid; but in a small pressure operating conditions, evaporation pressure rise, evaporator load demand for fluid volume increased, but the reality is that in the suction gas superheat unchanged, due to evaporation pressure rise, a corresponding increase in the evaporator outlet pressure, pressure difference above and below the diaphragm smaller, so that the main valve opening decreased for the reduction of liquid volume; in variable load is all about.

但在大压差工况下，蒸发压力降低，蒸发器负荷需求的液量减少，但实际情况相反，在吸气过热度不变的情况下，由于蒸发压力降低，蒸发器出口压力相应降低，膜片上下的压差变大，使主阀开度增大，供液量增加；但在小压差工况下，蒸发压力上升，蒸发器负荷需求的液量增多，但实际情况是在吸气过热度不变的情况下，由于蒸发压力上升，蒸发器出口压力相应提高，膜片上下的压差变小，使主阀开度减小，供液量减少；在变负荷下亦如此。因此热力膨胀阀在变工况下供液量的调节方面需进一步改进。

Compressor power consumption was greatly affected by inlet air relative humidity and wet-bulb temperature.

结果显示：冷凝温度和冷凝压力均随着入口空气湿球温度的升高而升高；入口空气相对湿度对压缩机功耗的影响与湿球温度对压缩机功耗的影响均比较大；对基于同一压缩系统的实验比较表明，在冷凝温度为38℃时，板式蒸发式冷凝器的热流密度比管式蒸发式冷凝器平均大30.5%；且在相同的冷凝温度下，入口空气湿球温度越低，板式蒸发式冷凝器的热流密度比管式蒸发式冷凝器大得越多。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。