蒙脱石

The results indicate on the same condition the adsorptive effictiveness of organic pillared interlayered montmorillonite on Cr is better than that of purified montmorillonite ,and it is in comfirmity with the the Langmuir adsorption isotherms at the same time; Using Ponceau 4R imitate the dyestuff wasterwater ,the suitable conditions and adsorption isotherms of adsorbing dyestuff wasterwater by organic pillared interlayered montmorillonite are studied .

结果表明：在相同条件下，有机柱撑蒙脱石对Cr~(3+)的吸附效果优于纯蒙脱石，且符合Langmuir吸附等温式；用酸性大红模拟染料废水，研究柱撑蒙脱石的脱色性能及其脱色机理。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist"s attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What"s more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refining process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有"三明治"结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist's attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What's more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refinin g process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有"三明治"结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

At the heavy metal concentration of 3-4ppm, our study on adsorption capacity, adsorption selectivity of montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite to Cu〓、 Pb〓、 Zn〓、 Cd〓、 Cr〓 shows that the adsorption capacity is mainly determined by the capacity of exchangeable cations and the adsorption capacity of the three clay minerals decreases in this sequence: montmorillonite ＞＞ illite＞kaolinite. It is found that clay minerals have obvious adsorption selectivity to various heavy metals. Montmorillonite exhibits a stronger affinity to Cr〓 and Cu〓 while kaolinite and illite sorb Cr〓 and Pb〓 more effectively. At the same heavy metal concentration, adsorption amount of clay minerals to heavy metals increase with increasing pH value of the solution.

在痕量浓度下，研究了蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石三种粘土矿物对Cu〓、Pb〓、Zn〓、Cd〓、Cr〓五种重金属离子的吸附容量、吸附选择性及其介质条件对吸附量的影响，结果表明，粘土矿物的阳离子交换容量越大，对重金属离子的吸附容量也越大，其大小顺序为蒙脱石＞＞伊利石＞高岭石；同时，不同粘土矿物对重金属离子具有明显的吸附选择性，蒙脱石对Cr〓和Cu〓有较好的选择性，伊利石和高岭石则对Cr〓和Pb〓有较好的选择性；随着吸附溶液pH值的增大，其吸附量有增加的趋势。

Hexachlorocyclophosphazene was prepared using phosphorous pentachloride and ammonium chloride as raw material, hccp was mixed with Montmorillonite which aimed to decrease MMT.'s hydrophilicity. Solid state reserve cell of Mg│reformed MMT.│polymer gel containing water│graphite was assembled, and cell performance was tested. XRD and IR results show: When mass percentage lower than 9.1%, hccp mixed with MMT to form homophase, hccp phase was observed in the mixture when percentage higher than 9.1%, for hccp specific diffraction peak appears in XRD data, and 1220cm-1 which was assigned to P=N double bond 's expand vibration appears in IR data.

合成了六氯环三磷腈，并用六氯环三磷腈与蒙脱石混合对其改性，期望能减小蒙脱石的吸水性能；组装电池Mg |改性蒙脱石|含水凝胶|石墨片，并测试电池的性能。X射线粉末衍射数据和红外光谱数据表明：蒙脱石容纳六氯环三磷腈的质量分数在4.8%-9.1%之间，可与蒙脱石形成单一物相，但混合质量分数大于9.1%时，改性蒙脱石出现六氯环三磷腈的特征衍射峰，和1220 cm-1的六氯环三磷腈P=N双键的特征伸缩振动峰，证明为蒙脱石与六氯环三磷腈的两相混合。

Based on the above experiments, the author studied the mixed metallic pillared and modified montmorillonites. The experimental result indicated that the microporous structure of Fe-Al-PLMs was affected by the changing of interlayer Fe-Al polymer with different Fe/Al ratio. But the presence of Al iron was helpful to incorporate Fe iron into interlayer of montmorillonites.. Introducing Zr helped Al-PLMs getting better larger spacing, thermal stability, surface area and pore volumes. Its successful to apply Zr-Al-PLMs to treat wastewater containing Cr iron. The experiment of modifying Al-PLMs by PVA showed that the order of adding starting materials (Al-pillaring solution, PVA, montmorillonite solution) was related to the property of Al-PLMs. The PVA as precursor was beneficial for Al to go into interlayer of the clay and to form larger basal spacing porous clay. The surface area and pore volumes of Al-PLMs increased mainly because of increasing the external surface area and mesoporous volumes after acid-activating. This conclusion confirmed that the microporous structure of pillaring clay depends upon the interlayer pillar.

实验结果表明：在Al-PLMs中引入Fe离子，不同Fe／Al比制得的Fe-Al-PLMs因层间的Fe-Al聚合离子结构不同而影响其微孔结构，但羟基Al离子的存在有利于Fe离子进入蒙脱石层间；在Al-PLMs中引入Zr离子，有助于其层间距、比表面积、孔体积增大，所得Zr-Al-PLMs应用于含Cr废水处理效果显著；PVA改性后的Al-PLMs其物化性质变化与铝柱化剂、PVA溶液、蒙脱石溶液三者不同添加顺序有关，说明PVA的前撑有利于Al进入蒙脱石层间得到较大层间距的Al-PLMs；经酸化处理得Al-acid-PLMs，其比表面积增大以外表面积为主，孔体积增大以中孔为主，这也证实了柱撑蒙脱石的微孔结构取决于其层间的柱化物。

Calcium montmorillonite was prepared by purifying LeXi bentonite with wet method two times. After purification, sodium modification of Ca-M was studied. A series of Fe/Cr-pillared montmorillonites were prepared with conventional method using sodium montmorillonite as experimental materials, and synthesis condition of Fe/Cr-PILM was studied and optimized. In order to shorten the preparation cycle of PILM by overleaping the step of sodium modification of Ca-M, the pretreatment technique for Ca-M has been pointed out for the first time. A series of PILMs were prepared with hydrothermal method using pretreated Ca-M as starting materials, which show that pretreatment of Ca-M is feasible.

然后，本文以莱西膨润土为原料，用二次湿法提纯了-2μm的钙基蒙脱石，对其进行了钠化改型研究；以改型后的钠基蒙脱石为原料，新型的铁、铬复合离子为柱化剂，研究并优化了常规离子交换法制备PILM的工艺；为了简化PILM的制备工艺，我们首次提出了蒙脱石的预处理工艺，希望通过预处理后可以省去蒙脱石的钠化工艺，以Ca-M为原料直接合成PILM。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist"s attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What"s more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refining process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有&三明治&结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist's attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What's more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refinin g process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有&三明治&结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

Thirty-two patients (M 14, F 18 , age 32 a ±s 8 a) in smectite group were sprayed 0.1-0.2 g of smectite on the ulcer surface, qid for 4 d; 34 patients (M 16, F 18, age 32 a±9 a) in chlorhe x idine group gargled with 2% of chlorhexidine solution, qid for 4 d; 36 patients (M 16, F 20, age 32 a±11 a ) in chlorhexidine plus smectite group gargled firs t with 2% of chlorhexidine solution, and then were sprayed 0.1-0.2 g of smectite.

蒙脱石组32例(男性14例，女性18例，年龄32 a±s 10 a)，喷蒙脱石0.1～0.2 g于溃疡处，每日4次；氯己定组34例(男性16例，女性18例，年龄32 a±9 a)，用2%氯己定液漱口，每日4次；蒙脱石加氯己定组36例(男性16例，女性20例，年龄32 a±11 a)，先用2%氯己定液漱口，然后再喷蒙脱石0.1～0.2 g，每日4 次。3组疗程均为4 d。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。