葡萄牙的

In the'conclusions', this dissertation emphasizes on the characteristics of the English abroad colonial expansion in the period of the formation of the nation-state. The further conclusions of the paper are as the following. The national spirit transfers to a strong force of promoting the English to go and expand abroad. Their aims are to deny the supreme popish authority, and to challenge the monopoly privilege of Spain and Portugal in the course of the abroad colonial expansion. They intend to break up the old system, of which the universalism of the'Christendom'is the foundation, and to strive for the English right of independence, liberty, and equality in the world.

在"结语"部分，本文着重分析了民族国家形成时期英国海外殖民扩张的若干特点，指出民族主义精神已经转变成一种推动英国人海外殖民扩张向前发展的强大力量，他们的目的就是要否认中世纪以来所谓至尊不二的教皇权威，挑战葡萄牙和西班牙两国在海外殖民扩张中独享的垄断地位，打破以"基督教大世界"普世主义原则为基础的旧世界体系，争取英格兰民族国家在国际舞台中应当享有的独立、自由和平等的政治地位。

In the next place we are to observe, that among the many things which I brought out of the Ship in the several Voyages, which, as above mention'd, I made to it, I got several things of less value, but not all less useful to me, which I omitted setting down before; as in particular, Pens, Ink, and Paper, several Parcels in the Captain's, Mate's, Gunner's, and Carpenter's keeping, three or four Compasses, some Mathematical Instruments, Dials, Perspectives, Charts, and Books of Navigation, all which I huddel'd together, whether I might want them or no; also I found three very good Bibles which came to me in my Cargo from England, and which I had pack'd up among my things; some Portugueze Books also, and among them two or three Popish Prayer-Books, and several other Books, all which I carefully secur'd.

另外，我还应该提一下，我从船上搬下来的东西很多，有些东西价值不大，但用处不校可是前面我忘记交待了。我这里特别要提一下那些纸、笔、墨水；船长、大副、炮手和木匠的一些东西，三四个罗盘啦，一些观察和计算仪器啦，日规仪啦，望远镜啦，地图啦，以及航海书籍之类的东西。当时我不管有用没用，通通收拾起来带上岸。同时，我又找到了三本很好的《圣经》，是随我的英国货一起运来的。我上船时，把这几本书打在我的行李里面。此外，还有几本葡萄牙文的书籍，其中有两三本天主教祈祷书和几本别的书籍。所以这些书本我都小心地保存起来。我也不应忘记告诉读者，船上还有一条狗和两只猫。

Christianity has always wanted to make inroads into Tibet. The earliest attempt was in 1624, when several Portuguese missionaries set out from Goa, and they went first to what is now Zhada County in the Ngari region. They obtained support from the Guge King, established a church, baptized members of the royal court and took some followers, but because the lamas strongly opposed it, and even sent the Ladwags army to capture the royal court, the missionaries had to give up on their plans of developing Christianity as a major religion there. Afterwards, there were many missionaries who entered Tibet to proselytize, but virtually none of them were successful.

基督教一直想进入西藏进行传教布道，最早的是1624年，从印度的果阿教区出发的几个葡萄牙籍传教士，他们最先进入的就是现在阿里地区的札达县，他们刚开始取得过古格国王的支持，建立教堂，也给王室的一些成员进行洗礼，也接收过一些信徒，但后来因为喇嘛集团强烈的反对，甚至请来了拉达克的军队，把王室成员全部给俘虏了，彻底改变了他们把基督教作为重要宗教来发展的企图，再往后不断有传教士进入西藏传教，基本上是没有成功的。

It was richly multi-cultural, our families aligned in our terrace houses in this colourful sequence-Dutch Eurasians with pink Honolulu's and grest semolina cake, Malays with great Hari Raya food platters, Tamils with equally great Deepavali platters, and then, a Portuguese Eurasian family with the most beautifully decorated iced birthday cakes.

邻居们厨艺都不错，令人回味无穷的有那荷兰血统的欧亚裔人用粗面粉烘制的香喷喷的大蛋糕、有马来邻居亲手烘制的开斋节糕点、有淡米尔族邻居在屠妖节做的精美点心，还有一个葡萄牙血统的欧亚裔人烘制的漂亮又别致的生日蛋糕。

Cardozo, were Sephardi Jews of the Portuguese Jewish community affiliated with Manhattan's Congregation Shearith Israel; their families immigrated from England before the American Revolution, and were descended from Jews who left the Iberian Peninsula for Holland during the Inquisition.

这卡多佐的外祖父母，萨拉塞沙斯和艾萨克门德斯塞沙斯弥敦道，和他的祖父母，艾伦哈特和儿子迈克尔H卡多佐被Sephardi的葡萄牙犹太人与曼哈顿的毕业典礼幸存的以色列人所属社区的犹太人，他们的家人移民从英国前美国革命，是从犹太人谁离开荷兰在宗教裁判所的伊比利亚半岛的后裔。

Its stentorian narrator and epic soundtrack present the emergence of the nine countries, from Portugal in the 15th century to the United States in the 20th, and cites numerous achievements worthy of emulation: Spain had a risk-taking queen; Britain's nimble navy secured vital commodities overseas; the United States regulated markets and fought for national unity.

声音洪亮的解说员和史诗式的背景音乐将观众带入9国崛起史之中，从15世纪的葡萄牙一直讲述到20世纪的美国，其中提到无数值得效仿的丰功伟业：勇于冒险的西班牙女王、保卫海外产业的英国海军、规范市场并为国家统一而战的美国。

As ever, a far more reliable guide to his real intentions came from those deputised to speak off the record on his behalf and from the moment Mourinho left Chelsea the mood music from those around him on the subject of the England job was as steadfast as a Wagnerian opera: he wasn't interested; he wanted a club job in Spain or Italy; he was too young to take a job in international management; but when he was ready the only job suitable would be that of managing Portugal.

关于穆里尼奥的真实想法，更可信的观点来自于他身边的一些人。从离开切尔西那一刻起，他对于英格兰主教练职位的想法就像瓦格纳的歌剧一样固定不变：他对此不感兴趣；他想要的是西班牙或者意大利某个俱乐部的主教练职位；他太年轻了，还不适合带领国家队；但是当他准备好以后，唯一合适的职位是葡萄牙国家队主教练。

Bernard of Tuscany and of Lombardy, approved by Alexander VI (1497); the Congregation of Portugal, or of Alcobaca, founded in 1507; the Congregation of the Feuillants, founded by John de la Barriere in 1563, which spread into France and Italy, the monasteries of Italy, however, eventually detaching themselves from those of France to form the Congregation of the Riformati di San Bernardo; the Congregation of Aragon, approved by a Bull of Paul V (1616); the Congregation of Rome, or of Central Italy, created by a Decree of Gregory XV in 1623; the Congregation of Calabria and Lucania, established by Urban VIII in 1633, and to which was united the old Congregation of Flore, which had for its founder Blessed Joachim surnamed "the Prophet".

会众的庆祝圣伯纳德的西班牙，成立由DOM的马丁德巴尔加斯，在1425年，在蒙地附近的锡永托莱多；聚集的圣伯纳德的托斯卡纳和伦巴第，批准由Alexander六（ 1497 ）；众葡萄牙，或alcobaca ，创立于1507年；聚集了feuillants ，成立由约翰德香格里拉barriere在1563年，蔓延到法国，意大利等寺庙的意大利，但最终拆卸自己从那些法国形成聚集了riformati迪圣贝尔纳；聚集的阿拉贡，批准牛市的保五（ 1616年）；聚集罗马，还是意大利中部，创造了一项法令的格雷戈里十五，在1623个；聚集的卡拉布里亚和lucania成立了由市区八，在1633年，并以这是美国旧聚集flore ，这为它的创办人有福了约阿希姆姓&先知&。

German goalkeeper Jens Lehmann, German midfielder Torsten Frings and German defender Philipp Lahm warm up during a training session in Berlin, 07 July 2006, on the eve of the 2006 Football World Cup match for the third place between Germany and Portugal in Stuttgart.

德国的守门员Lehmann，德国的中场球员Frings和德国的防守球员Lahm在柏林的训练课前热身，时间是二零零六年七月七日，在斯图加特举行的德国和葡萄牙之间的争夺第三名的比赛的前一天。

There was a Letter of my Partner's, congratulating me very affectionately upon my being alive, giving me an Account how the Estate was improv'd, and what it produced a Year, with a Particular of the Number of Squares or Acres that it contained; how planted, how many Slaves there were upon it, and making two and twenty Crosses for Blessings, told me he had said so many Ave Marias to thank the Blessed Virgin that I was alive; inviting me very passionately to come over and take Possession of my own; and in the mean time to give him Orders to whom he should deliver my Effects, if I did not come my self; concluding with a hearty Tender of his Friendship, and that of his Family, and sent me, as a Present, seven fine Leopard's Skins, which he had it seems received from Africa, by some other Ship which he had sent thither, and who it seems had made a better Voyage than I: He sent me also five Chests of excellent Sweet-meats, and an hundred Pieces of Gold uncoin'd, not quite so large as Moidores.

他热情地邀请我去巴西收回我的产业。同时，他还要我给他指示，若我不能亲自去巴西，他应把我的财产交给什么人。在信的末尾，他又代表他本人和全家向我表示他们的深厚情谊，又送给我七张精致的豹皮作为礼物。这些豹皮是他派往非洲的另一艘船给他带回来的；他们那次航行，看来比我幸运得多了。另外，他还送了我五箱上好的蜜饯，一百枚没有铸过的金元，那些金元比葡萄牙金币略小些。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。