葡萄牙人的

This trade persisted for several centuries until the development in Europe of the caravel allowed ships, first from Portugal but soon from all Western Europe, to sail around the desert and gather the resources from the source in Guinea .

这种状态持续了几个世纪，直到欧洲人发明了大帆船，首先是葡萄牙人绕过撒哈拉去掠取几内亚的资源，然后其他欧洲国家也紧跟其后，撒哈拉很快就失去商业价值。

The Pan Europeanism form of white supremacism accepts all native Europeans--though, of course, there can always be dispute as to who counts as native--as White, a population that ranges from fair skinned Swedes, Britons and Germans to darker complexioned Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese and Greeks.

泛欧洲主义」是白人优越主义的一种，其接纳所有道地的欧洲人—但当然，那一定会常有争议：究竟谁可说是道地的—是白种人﹐一整群从浅色肤色的瑞典人、不列巅人和德国人至深色肤色的意大利人、西班牙人、葡萄牙人，和希腊人。

Words pointing to the agency of the Portuguese are also found in classical Arabic and its colloquial dialects, as well as in the Pashto language of Afghanistan.

古典阿拉伯语及其方言口语，还有阿富汗普什图语中也有词语指向葡萄牙人的中介作用。

Of or relating to or characteristic of Portugal or the people of Portugal .

属于或关于葡萄牙、葡萄牙人的，或具有其特点的。

The first chapter introduced Portugals Padroado and the foundation of Macao Bishop zones , analysed the three major sources of Society of Jesus's outlay: the gain of the Macao-based maritime trade, Portuguese Macao's grants and the salary and reward of the Chinese governments, and evaluated the commercial activities of Society of Jesus, affirmed that Jesuits are not simply missionaries.

第一章介绍了葡萄牙的东方保教权与澳门主教区的建立，并分析了耶稣会经费的三个主要来源渠道，分别是以澳门为基地海上贸易收入、澳门葡萄牙人的资助以及中国政权发给耶稣会传教士的俸禄和赏赐。

Chapter One presents the western yearning and the imagination of China, the motivation of Portuguese navigation as well as the formation of the Portuguese social psychology; these were the elements that construct the differences in the shaping of the Chinese image. Chapter Two outlines the images of China for the Portuguese in the 16th century and how these images were used or manipulated. Chapter Three identifies the reasons for Fernao Mendes Pintos excessive praise for China. Chapter Four discusses the attitude held towards China by poets and missionaries, and the European misinterpretations of the Chinese image. Chapter Five reviews the Chinese image portrayed by Eca de Queiroz, a Portuguese novelist, and the translations of Chinese poems by certain poets. Chapter Six investigates how poets, especially those who had once stayed in Macao, viewed and perceived China.

第一章概述西方对中国的向往和想象、葡萄牙海外扩张的动机以及民族心理的构成，这决定了他们在塑造中国形象时的某些相异性；第二章论述16世纪葡萄牙人眼中的中国形象，以及对这一形象的利用；第三章集中讨论费尔南·门德斯·平托狂想式赞颂中国的原因；第四章评述诗人和教士对中国的态度以及欧洲对中国形象的&误读&；第五章论及小说家埃萨(Eca de Queiróz)笔下的中国形象以及一些诗人对中国诗歌的翻译；最后一章聚焦澳门，考察在澳门生活过的葡萄牙作家是如何描述中国的。

He had the "Love-sonnets from the Portuguese" in mind as he wrote, and he wrote under the best conditions for great work, at a climacteric of living, in the throes of his own sweet love-madness.

他写时心里想着《葡萄牙人的爱情十四行诗》。他的诗是在产生伟大作品的最佳条件下写成的：在生活的紧要关头，在他因甜蜜的疯魔而痛苦之际。

Rutters that revealed the seaways to the New World or unraveled the mysteries of the Pass of Magellan and the Cape of Good Hope—both Portuguese discoveries—and thence the seaways to Asia were guarded as national treasures by the Portuguese and Spanish, and sought after with equal ferocity by their Dutch and English enemies.

那些记述了通往美洲新世界的海上通道的海图志，还有那些揭开葡萄牙人地理发现成果——麦哲伦通道及好望角神秘面纱的海图志，都是高度保密的资料。至于说详细记述通往亚洲海上路线的重要海图志，更是被葡萄牙和西班牙两国当作国家宝藏严格保护，作为对手的英国和荷兰则以同样狂热的劲头拼命想搞到手。

Broadly, the newly independent Angolans, too, did not lament the departure of the Portuguese, who were notorious as among the more repressive and mean-spirited colonists.

刚刚获得独立的安哥拉人基本上也没有为葡萄牙人的离去感到悲伤，因为葡萄牙人臭名昭著，被列为最残暴卑劣的殖民者。

The British founded a settlement on Singapore Island in 1819, and by 1867 they had established the Straits Settlements, including Malacca, Singapore, and Penang. During the late 19th century, Chinese began to migrate to Malaya. Japan invaded Malaya in 1941 and captured Singapore in 1942. After Japan's defeat in 1945, opposition to British rule led to the creation of the United Malaya National Organization in 1946, and in 1948 the peninsula was federated with Penang.

约1400年苏门答腊流亡者建立了马六甲城邦，后来成为一个商业和伊斯兰教的中心，1511年为葡萄牙人占领。1641年荷兰人占领马六甲。1819年英国人在新加坡岛建立殖民地，到1867年建成海峡殖民地(包括马六甲、新加坡和槟榔屿)。19世纪末，中国人开始移民马来亚。1941年日本人入侵马来亚，1942年夺取新加坡。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。