落叶松

In discussion about the usage of the timber materials and added preservatives, with the good physical property, timber of Matsu including Japanese red pine (Akamatsu / Pinus densiflora, Japanese black pine (Kuromatsu / Pinus pentaphylla) and , Japanese larch (Karamatsu / Larix leptolepis) could often been seen in the usage of timber trusses on the specifications before the Japanese governed period.

木屋架用材上，统治初期主要沿用日本既有用材概念，常可见仕样书中指定力学性能较佳之松材（包括日本赤松、日本黑松及日本落叶松等材）作为木屋架用材；而柳杉则是最普遍被使用之材料。

Other trees which attract notice are: Pinus Massoniana; Cunninghamia Lanceolata; thuya Orientalis; sophora Japonica; Albizzia, Acacia with pink flowers in feathery clusters; Liriodendron or saddle Tree (group of six in front of the Kuling General hospital); Larix or Larch Tree; Fraxinus Sinensis or Ash; Alnus and Gymnocladus Chinesis or Soap Tree.

引人注目的还有马尾松、纯杉木、金钟柏、苦楝、合欢树。一丛一丛的开着粉红色花的槐树、鹅掌楸、马鞍树（牯岭人民医院门前有六簇）、落叶松、白蜡树苷、皂荚树特别引人注目。

The synthesis of larch extract tannin amphoteric water treatment agent was divided into three phases.

在实验过程中落叶松单宁两性水处理剂的合成主要分为三个阶段。

The main products of the company includes wooden advanced shutters ,wooden door and so on .which are made of high quality imported timber and extraordinary wood out of cold area in northern China, such as basswood, poplar, larch, Chinese catalpa, manchurian ash, oak etc.

公司的主营产品包括实木高档透气窗，实木门等，采用优质的进口木材及中国北方高寒地带的优质椴木、杨木、落叶松，楸木，水曲柳，柞木等木材，使用高档环保油漆，生产出的产品完全符合国际绿色环保要求。

Larch is the most important industrial timber species in northeastern China, and is ecological significant in boreal forest ecosystems.

落叶松是中国东北林区最重要的工业用材树种，而且在北温带森林中具有重要的生态学意义。

According to the method of branch relative growth curve,the first pruning of Larix olgensis is about 15 years and the intension is about 40%to 50%.These results can provide theory base and management method for improving forest increment and timber quality which is of great significance.

本项研究将在提高我国落叶松人工林林木生长量，干形控制和木材质量方面提供坚实的理论基础和经营方法，具有重要的理论和现实意义。

The water conservation benefit of soil for different forests was 277.28%-173.67% higher than that of grass slope, among them, the highest one was birch and larch mixed forest, the followings were larch planted forest, Chinese pine planted forest, birch natural forest, and the lowest one was natural shrub forest.

林地土壤的涵养水源效益比荒草坡高277.28%~173.67%，其中白桦落叶松混交林最高，落叶松人工林、油松人工林、白桦天然林次之，灌木林最低。

After four months of observation of the growth season, the author reveals in the thesis the day- and month-dynamic characteristics of the net photosynthetic rate of Dahurian Larches, which are of different ages, densities and stand classes. The author also compared the net photosynthetic rates of the leaves on different-age braches and with the crowns of different layers and directions. In addition, the author analyzed the effects of some ecological factors on net photosynthetic rate as well.

通过生长季节四个月的定株观测，揭示兴安落叶松的光合特征，即不同年龄、密度、分级木净光合速率的日动态和月动态特征，比较树冠不同层次、不同方向和不同枝龄上针叶的净光合速率的日动态和月动态特征，分析光照强度、温度、CO2浓度等生态因子对兴安落叶松净光合速率的影响。

Larches of different ages have different net photosynthetic rate: the photosynthetic capacity of the young ones are bigger than that of the old ones; the stand density do not affect the net photosynthetic rate obviously; as far as the different stand classes are concerned, the diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate is closely related to the photosynthetic active radiation. For the different layers of the crowns, there are greater ecological factors (illumination intensity, temperature, humidity etc.) on the upper layers than on the lower layers: the CO2 concentration of the lower layers is greater than that of the upper layers, which is indeed an exception; the net photosynthetic rate on the upper layers of the crown is generally greater than that of the lower layers. It showed that the CO2 concentration is not a main factor in the natural changing range of the CO2 concentration. Different directions of the crown have different photosynthetic active radiation, which is generally like exposed to the sun﹥North﹥in the shade of crown. However, the changes of net photosynthetic rate are not quite the same, which is North﹥exposed to the sun﹥in the shade of crown.

不同年龄的兴安落叶松净光合速率不同，年龄小的个体光合能力高于年龄大的个体；群团密度与净光合速率没有显著的相关关系；而对不同分级木，净光合速率日进程变化规律与光合有效辐射有着密切的联系；林内树冠不同层次各生态因子有上层大于下层的趋势，而CO2浓度在下层的含量高于上层，净光合速率上层普遍大于下层，说明在林内自然CO2浓度变幅内，CO2浓度不是主要因子；兴安落叶松树冠不同方向的光合有效辐射不同，一般向阳﹥北向﹥背阴，而净光合速率变化有北向﹥向阳﹥背阴的趋势。

The significance test for 4 year height of each family expresses that variation among the family is highly significant in a level of 1%.

本文在落叶松种间和长白落叶松种源选择的基础上，开展了56株优树自由授粉子代评比工作。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。