萼片

Outer sepals 10-16 mm, not mucronulate, purplish bristly or hirsute abaxially, margin neither ciliate nor fimbriate; corolla 5-7 cm.

10-16毫米的外部萼片，不具小短尖，略带紫色具刚毛或具粗毛，既不具缘毛也不流苏状的边缘；花冠5-7 厘米 21

Stamens 8, distinct, ones opposite sepals nearly as long as petals; filaments with indumentum toward base , gradually tapering from ± broad base to subulate apex, becoming reflexed; anthers obtuse or obtusely mucronulate.

雄蕊8，离生，东西与萼片对生近等长花瓣；花丝近基部被毛，由多少宽的基部到钻形的先端逐渐减少，变得反折；花药钝的或具钝的小短尖。

Sepals acute, acuminate, or obtuse apically, mucronulate or not, not long attenuate, herbaceous, membranous, or leathery; corolla reddish, purplish, lilac to pink, or white.

锐尖，渐尖的萼片，或钝顶部，与否具小短尖，渐狭，草质的长的不，膜质，或革质；花冠带红色，略带紫色，淡紫色的到粉红色，或白色。

Sepals rounded to acuminate, emarginate, or mucronulate but never awned at or near apex; corolla mostly funnelform, or campanulate, sometimes salverform; stamens and pistil mostly included, sometimes exserted.

萼片圆形的到渐尖，微缺，或具小短尖但是从未具芒的在先端或近先端；多数漏斗状的花冠，或钟状，有时高脚碟状；雄蕊和雌蕊多数内藏，有时。

Sepals glabrous, sometimes muricate or dentate on veins.

萼片无毛，有时或具牙齿在脉上。

Fruit sets in another Mussaenda species, M. parviflora. Based on our survey, we found many of the

细胞排列上，都与正常的花瓣类似，加上有著显著的颜色，一般皆认为这些叶状萼片在功能

Petals 6, nectariferous, much smaller than sepals or absent.

花瓣6，分泌蜜汁，比萼片小得多或者无。

Flowers perfect and hermaphroditic or occasionally unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic,(2-)4(-7)-merous, axillary, in leafy spikes or racemes or solitary, or occasionally in panicles, all but Ludwigia with distinct floral tube, nectariferous within.

偶有的完全花和两性的或单性，辐射对称或者两侧对称，(2-)(-7)瓣，腋生的4，在多叶穗状花序或总状花序或单生内，萼片绿色或有色，镊合状排列。

Leaves all basal, simple, 3-sect, or ternate; petals ca. 1/3 as long as sepals, not petaloid (instead specialized nectariferous organs); style ca. 2 × as long as ovary; follicles cubic-globose

叶全部基生，单，3裂，或三出；花瓣约1/3倍于萼片，不瓣状(代替为特化的分泌蜜汁器官)；花柱长约2 *倍于子房；蓇葖果立方球状 18 Urophysa 尾囊草属

In Nymphaea, 4 sepal primordia initiated from abaxial to adaxial side of the floral apex. Petal and stamen numerous, initiated in spirals. The apex of floral primordium caved in at the late stage.

睡莲的萼片4枚，向轴式发生；花瓣和雄蕊多数，螺旋状向心式发生；花原基的顶端在后期向下凹陷；心皮6～8枚，呈一轮同时发生，为对折型心皮。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。