萼

Bracteoles and sepals 7-11(-17), imbricate; outer 2-5(or 6) bracteoles and sepals caducous after anthesis.

小苞片和萼片7-11(-17)，成鳞状；外部2-5(或6)小苞片和萼片早落的在花后。

Stamens 2 to many, usually as many as calyx lobes and opposite them or twice as many.

雄蕊2到多数，与萼裂片通常同数并且与之对生或为萼裂片数的两倍。

Sepals imbricate, enlarged in fruit; petals circinate in bud, much longer than sepals.

萼片覆瓦状，在果期扩大；拳卷的花瓣在芽中，远长于萼片。

The cypsela size and variation of 6 genera (32 species) about Compositae of eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were studied and the environmental facts were discussed.

对青藏高原东缘6属32种菊科植物连萼瘦果的大小及其变异进行了比较，并探讨了影响连萼瘦果大小变异的环境因素。

The cypsela size and variation have big differences between 6 genera. It reflects diverse evolutive level. The altitude is an important factor affecting the size of cypsela and its variation.

6属菊科植物的连萼瘦果大小及变异差别较大，反映出菊科植物的不同进化水平；海拔是影响菊科植物连萼瘦果大小及变异的一个重要因素。

Sepals (2-)4 or 5(or 6), imbricate or decussate or rarely wholly united in bud, inner ones sometimes petaloid.

萼片(2-)4-5(-6)，在芽期覆瓦状排列或交互对生或很少完全合生，内部的萼片有时花瓣状。

Inflorescence a dichasium, arising from leaf axils near branch apex, long peduncled; flowers white, ca. 6 mm in diam.; sepals 5, base connate, ovate-oblong, ca. 3 mm long; petals 5, broadly orbicular, 2.5 times as long as sepals; stamens 10, exserted, up to 2 cm long.

二歧聚伞花序生於枝的近顶端叶腋部，具长的总花梗；花白色，直径约6毫米；萼片5片，基部合生，卵状长圆形，长约3毫米；花瓣5片，阔圆形，约长於萼片1.5倍；雄蕊10枚，伸出花冠外，长达2厘米。

Flowers unisexual. Male inflorescence precocious, elongate, pendulous, with numerous overlapping bracts; each bract usually subtending a small dichasium with 1-3 male flowers; stamens as many as and opposite sepals or, if sepals obsolete, then stamens of inflorescence to 20; filaments very short, connate or nearly so; anthers 2-loculed, thecae connate or separate, opening by longitudinal slits.

雄花序先有花，拉长，下垂，具多数重叠苞片；通常的每苞片对着一小的二歧聚伞花序具1-3雄花；同数的雄蕊和与萼片对生或，如果萼片废退，然后对20的花序的雄蕊；花丝非常短，合生或近合生； 2室的花药，合生的或分开的囊，以纵裂缝开阔的。

Drupe 3-4 mm in diam., base with persistent sepals and calyx tube.

核果3-4毫米直径，基部具宿存萼片和萼筒。

Scape suberect, usually shorter than leaves, loosely bearing 6-12cm or more flowers; bracts 5mm long; pedicel including ovary 4cm long; flower light yellow-green, faintly fragrant like Osmanthus fragrans ; dorsal sepal nearly oblong, 4.5-6cmlong, 1.2-1.8cm wide, yellow-green ,base tinged purple-brown on back, lateral sepals oblique-oblong, slightly narrow, petals narrower than sepals, 5-12mm wide, light yellow-green, spotted purple-red at base; lip slightly short-clawed, 3-lobed, side lobes erect, striped purple-red, mid-lobe somewhat reflexed, waved at margin, disk pubescent above, with 2paralles lamellae, long-hairy.

花葶近直立，常短于叶，疏生6~12朵或更多朵；花苞片长约5mm ；花梗连子房长约4cm ；花浅黄绿色，稍有桂花香气；中萼片近矩圆形，长4.5~6cm ，宽1.2~1.8cm ，黄绿色，背面基部有紫褐色晕，侧萼片斜矩圆形，稍窄；花瓣比萼片窄，宽5~12mm ，浅黄绿色，基部有紫红色的小斑点；唇瓣略有短爪，3裂，侧裂片直立，具紫红色条纹，中裂片略反折，边缘波状，唇盘上表面被短柔毛，2条褶片平行，生长毛；合蕊柱须长，3~4.2cm 。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。