萼

Sepals 4(--6) in 2 whorls, inner sepals often with margins membranous and ciliate, outer sepals usually hirsute.

通常的萼片4(-6)2轮，内部萼片通常具边缘膜质和具缘毛，外部萼片具粗毛。

Sepals 3, sometimes median sepal reduced or absent, lateral sepals 2, chaffy-scarious, keeled.

花两性，3瓣。萼片3，有时中间萼片退化或者无，侧萼片2，干膜质，龙骨状。

Stamens inserted near mouth of corolla tube; sepals subequal or outer sepals slightly longer than inner sepals

雄蕊花冠筒的着生的接近口部；萼片近等长的或外部萼片稍长于内部萼片 29 var。

Sepals imbricate or valvate, rarely spathaceous, mostly (2 or)3-6, rarely more, usually free or connate at base only, sometimes partly united into a tube, caducous or persistent, rarely accrescent. Petals 3-8, rarely more, often isomerous and alternating with sepals, free, imbricate or valvate, rarely contorted, similar to sepals or not, sometimes with a fleshy adaxial basal scale, or petals absent. Disk present, entire, lobed, or comprised of free or connate disk glands, these extrastaminal, interstaminal, or intrastaminal, or extragynoecial, or disk absent.

萼片覆瓦状或镊合状排列，很少佛焰苞，几乎(2或者)3-6，很少更多，通常离生或者只是基部合生，花瓣3-8，很少更多，通常与萼片同质并且互生，分离，覆瓦状或镊合状排列，很少旋转状，与萼片相似或不相似，有时在近轴基部有一个肉质的鳞片，或花瓣无。

Spikes few to many flowered; bracts brownish yellow to blackish brown, dull or shining, conchiform, rigid, abaxially minutely papillose toward apex when young, midvein conspicuous, margin scarious, entire, ciliate, fimbriate, or lacerate, apex emarginate, rounded, or acute. Sepals 3; lateral sepals with keel entire, dentate, or ciliate, wings membranous; median sepal enclosing corolla or sometimes ± reduced or obsolete, thin and membranous, 1--3(--5)-veined.

具数花至多花的穗状花序；苞片带褐色黄到微黑的棕色，黯淡的或发亮的，贝壳状，硬质，背面的细小小乳突在先端的，萼片3；侧生萼片具龙骨状全缘，具牙齿的，或具缘毛的，翅膜质；有时中间萼片包围花冠或多少退化或废退，瘦和膜质，(-5)脉。

Calyx tube present, obconic, adnate to ovary for lower 1/2-2/3 (i.e., flowers epigynous), with free sepal lobes and petals spreading from rim, ovary semi-inferior, lower 2/3 or more enclosed in adnate calyx tube.

萼筒礼物，倒圆锥形，贴生于子房为更低的1/2-2/3，从凸缘，子房半下位，在贴生的萼筒里的更低的2/3或更多内藏平展的具离生萼片裂片和花瓣。

This suggests that the effects of temperature on growth of the two coral species were different. Growth rates of S. hystrix at 25℃ were stable and higher than those of S. pistillata. However, the effects of temperature on growth rate of S. hystrix may be modified by other factors (e.g., mesocosm effect) in higher or lower temperatures. The mortality of S. pistillata in three temperature treatments was very low, while the partial mortality of S.

这些结果显示，两种珊瑚在不同温度下的生长反应有所差异，在适温环境下，尖枝列孔珊瑚的生长稳定且高於萼柱珊瑚，但萼柱珊瑚却会受到其他因素影响；在较高和较低温时，萼柱珊瑚生长没有受到生态箱效应影响，而温度对於尖枝列孔珊瑚生长率的影响可能受到生态箱效应而改变。

Male flowers: sepals mostly 5, imbricate to valvate, free; petals 5, smaller or nearly equal to sepals; disk glandular, usually 5, and opposite sepals; stamens 10-20; filaments free, inflexed in bud; anthers muticous; pistillode absent.

雄花： 多数的萼片5，覆瓦状到镊合状，离生；花瓣5，小或近等长于萼片；花盘具腺，通常5，与萼片对生；雄蕊10-20；花丝离生，在芽中内折；花药钝；无退化雌蕊。

This subsection is related to subsect. Clematis, differing in its 6-sepalled flower andsepals with hairs 1.6-3 mm long.

本亚组与钝萼铁线莲亚组接近，但花具6枚萼片，萼片的毛较长(1.6-3 mm)而不同。

A series of bracts subtending and resembling a calyx, as in the carnation and ''.

副萼生于萼下类似于真萼的一组苞片，如石竹和木槿所有的

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。