萼

Erect shrubs or scandent subshrubs; sepals elliptic or ovate to circular, apex rounded, obtuse, or emarginate.

直立灌木或攀缘的亚灌木；萼片椭圆形或卵形到圆，先端圆形，钝，或微缺。

Embryological observations on Crawfurdia delavayi, Tripterospermum cordatum, T. chinense, Gentiana striata and Pterygocalyx yolubilis show that the group under study is greatly diverse in differentiation and development of anther wall, type of ovule and placentae, synergid and antipodal cell in embryo sac, testa and embryogeny etc. The embryological characters are different among Crawfurdia, Tripterospermum and Gentiana Sect.

胚胎学 本文对披针叶蔓龙胆C.delavayi、双蝴蝶T.chinense、峨眉双蝴蝶T.cordatum、条纹龙胆G.striata和翼萼蔓P.voiubilis作了较详细的胚胎学研究，这些类群在花药壁的分化和形成、胚珠和胎座类型、卵器中的助细胞和反足细胞、种皮以及胚发育等特征上存在差异，并且在胚胎学特征上各自拥有原始和进化的性状。

The genus Pterygocalyx is similar to Gentianopsis, but different from Crawfurdia in embryological characters.

翼萼蔓属的胚胎学性状与扁蕾属的较相似，而与蔓龙胆属的差异较大。

Epicalyx lobes 6 or 7, basally connate.

副萼裂片6或者7，基部合生。

Epicalyx lobes 5-10(-12), linear, lanceolate, or spatulate.

副萼裂片5-10(-12)，线，披针形，或者匙形。

Epicalyx lobes 3, free, subulate or filiform to lanceolate.

副萼裂片3，离生，钻形或者丝状到披针形。

Epicalyx often present, forming an involucre around calyx, 3- to many lobed.

副萼通常有，在花萼周围形成总苞，3到多裂。

Pedicel not articulated, usually with glands below insertion of epicalyx lobes.

花梗无节，通常具腺在副萼裂片下面着生的。

Epicalyx lobes 3(-7), foliaceous, glandular, free or connate at base, entire or toothed to deeply laciniate.

副萼裂片3(-7)，叶状，腺，离生或合生在基部，全缘或者齿状到深条裂。

Bract and bracteoles or bract at calyx base forming epicalyx, persistent.

在花萼基部的苞片和小苞片或苞片形成副萼，宿存。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。