营养异常的

The pupae were exposed to 9 krad 60Co-γ rays for two days before emergence.The adults were dissected and many mature sperms could be seen in the male flies.There were no significant difference in the form,number and vigor of sperm between irradiatid and unirradiated male flies,but there were some abnormal ultrastructurail changes in the sperm of irradiated male flies such as the appearence of vacuoles in nutrient cells,disarrangement of sperms,variation of the number of chondriosome derivates,axonemes ction of formation and abnormal cell division of sperm cells.

用9krad辐照羽化前2天的蛹，成虫羽化后解剖观察，雄虫已有大量成熟精子，精子形态、数量和活力与未经辐照处理的雄虫无显著差异，但其超微结构则发生了某些异常变化，如营养细胞出现空泡、精子排列零乱、线粒体衍生体和轴丝增多或减少、构型被破坏、精子细胞分裂异常等。

ObjectiveDuchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy is the most common human X-linked recessive inherited disease.The absence of dystrophin on the sarcolemma results in DMD,which is the essential physiopathologic mechanism.

假肥大肌营养不良是男性最常见的X-连锁隐性遗传病，而肌营养不良蛋白在DMD患者肌细胞上的表达异常是导致该病发生的最根本的病理生理机制。

Arterial compliance may be affected by the retarded uterus growth through lowering the accumulation of elastin scleroprotein in the aorta wall, and the reduced arterial compliance perhaps causes adult's hypertension in the babies with low birth weight.

Martyn认为，可能的机制是，在宫内发育阶段，营养不良等因素影响了动脉壁弹力蛋白的发育异常，降低了动脉顺应性降低，从而导致了低出生体重儿童进入成年期后容易发生高血压。

Admission examination: the spirit of soft, clear consciousness, nutrition, poor growth, weight loss significantly, weight 23kg, moderate anemia appearance, and the lungs have not heard a clear wet and dry rale, abdomen soft, upper abdominal tenderness under Xiphoid, Cullen and lower abdominal tenderness light, I no obvious abnormalities

入院时查体：精神软，神志清，营养发育差，消瘦明显，体重23kg，中度贫血貌，两肺未闻及明显的干湿罗音，腹软，上腹部剑突下压痛，脐周及下腹部轻压痛，余未见明显异常。

Using cytohischemical staining methods, with the results of comparison the dynamics of proteins and polysaccharides in the anthe wall cells and colule cells of different developmental phases in female and male flowers, the anormogenesis of anther tapetum in the inflecting phase of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed. In microspore developed phase, the tapetum functions of preserving and transportingmutritive material for microspore development and of secreting callosal enzyme for decompositing callosal cell lost no normal guadrant formed, of being abnormal meiose of pollen mother cells, and then, the stamen aborted selectively in female flowers and pistil in male flower.

利用细胞组织化学染色技术，对雌、雄花雄蕊花药壁细胞及花药内细胞发育过程中多糖及蛋白质动态进行了比较，实验中观察到雌花在从两性至单性花转变时期雄蕊绒毡层在整个发育过程中表现异常，在小孢子发育过程中未能起到贮藏、转运营养物质供小孢子发育及适时分泌胼胝质酶溶解胼胝质壁的功能，并且花粉母细胞减数分裂异常而未形成四分体结构，进而导致雌花雄蕊选择性败育，而雄花中雌蕊组织也发生了选择性败育过程。

It has been found that ectogenic GDNF has nervous protective effec,but ectogenic GDNF cannot enter blood brain barrier.

传统观点认为，星形胶质细胞是神经系统的支持细胞，构成神经组织的网架而起支持作用，与神经元的解剖位置关系紧密，参与中枢神经系统的免疫反应，参与构成血脑屏障，目前研究发现，脑缺血时星形胶质细胞异常活跃，通过合成多种蛋白质、细胞因子和神经营养因子等对神经元起保护作用，对缺血性脑损伤的发展和转归具有重要意义。

IGF-I in hepatic cirrhosis correlated with body fat mass、body fat rate、BMI、insulin and ISI. 4 Patients with liver cirrhosis often have all kinds of incretionary and metabolic abnormality, among which insulin resistance an

因此，瘦素参与了肝硬化时的营养不良。3 肝硬化患者与正常对照组IGF-I水平无显著性差异，但肝硬化IGF-I与体脂量、体脂率、体重指数、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数相关。4 肝硬化患者存在多种内分泌和代谢异常，尤其是存在胰岛素抵抗和生长激素抵抗，ghrelin、瘦素升高可能都与此有关。

Background and Objective Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is a kind of lethal X-chain recessive inherited disease. The etiological factor is mainly due to gene mutation of Xp21 which induce the structural and functional abnormality of a kind of cell skeleton protein: dystrophin.

背景和目的假肥大型肌营养不良症(pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy，PMD)是一种常见的致死性X-连锁隐性遗传病，病因主要是由于X染色体短臂2区1带(Xp21)的基因突变而导致一种细胞骨架蛋白——抗肌萎缩蛋白的结构和功能异常所致。

The situation of abnormal development of male cells is as follows:microspore mother cell can't enter into meiosis because of intense vacuolation,shrink and disintegration of its cytoplasm;although vacuolated microspore mother cell can enter into meiosis,it can't form normal dyad and degenerate in the middle process;dyad and tetrad become vacuolated and can't develop normally;cytoplasm of microspore shrinks around the nucleus at the stage of central nucleus microspore,the shape of microspore is twisted into crescent or irregular shape,at last its cytoplasm and nucleus are disintegrated and crescent vacant microspore presents;nutritive substances can't be accumulated at the stage of vacuolated microspore,cytoplasm is disintegrated,and microspore turns into a big vacant pollen.

雄性细胞异常发育有几种情况：小孢子母细胞强烈液泡化，细胞质收缩解体，不能进入减数分裂；小孢子母细胞液泡化，虽能进入减数分裂，但不能形成正常二分体而中途退化；二分体、四分体细胞液泡化，不能进行正常发育；单核小孢子中央期，细胞质收缩包围核，小孢子形状扭曲呈月牙形或不规则形，最终细胞质和核解体而呈月牙形的空壳小孢子；单核液泡期的小孢子不能积聚营养物质，细胞质解体而成为大的空壳花粉粒。

It is thought that the mechanism behind excess nutrients affecting the reefs is due to increased light and oxygen competition from algae,[9] but unless herbivory is unusually low, this will not create a phase shift from the Great Barrier Reef being primarily made up of coral to being primarily made up of algae.

有人认为，珊瑚之所以受到了营养物质过剩的影响，背后的原因是海藻导致了光照和氧气竞争的加剧。除非植食生物出现异常性减少，大堡礁的珊瑚被海藻所替代的情况就不可能出现。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。