萎缩的

Pathological study revealed compression mainly caused neuron atrophy and anterior column damage in the white matter, on the other hand, excessive cervical flexion combined with compression resulted in neuron atrophy, neuron edema, chromatolysis、vacuolization and it also caused demyelination、axon degeneration、axon necrosis in all the columns of the white matter.

病理结果显示，单纯压迫时，神经元的变化以萎缩为主，白质损害主要在前索。而在过度屈曲活动组，神经元除萎缩外，肿胀、尼氏体溶解和空泡变性等病理变化也比较常见，白质各索均可有损害。

There were no difference in the appearance of parotid sialography in the 0 and the ≥60 age group. Conclusions: The pathological changes of the parotid duct in SS could be divided into 6 stages, ie, normal appearance of parotid duct, early stage of pathological changes of terminal ductules, late stage of pathological changes of terminal ductules, pathological changes of parotid trunk and branches of parotid duct, early-stage of gland atrophy, late-stage of gland atrophy.

60岁和≥60岁两组SS患者的腮腺造影表现经统计学处理无显著性差异、结论：SS患者腮腺导管病变可以分为腮腺导管形态正常期、末梢导管病变早期、末梢导管病变晚期、分支导管及主导管病变期、腺体萎缩早期及腺体萎缩晚期等6期。

Gene mutations were detected in 25 patients and a 18-year-old girl among 16 families. Trinucleotide repeats of CAG were 73～79. The fragments of abnormal alleles were 380～402bp, and all patients were heterozygous. The copy numbers of normal alleles were 18～40, fragments from 202～270bp. SCV reduction was much obvious compared to MCV, MCV and SCV in lower limb ?ere much more slow than that in upper's. BAEP, VEP were also delayed in latency. The anticipation in parental sex bias were much more obvioius than that in matental's. Cerebellar ataxia was most severe, the next were dysarthria and bulging eyes. Amytrophy was seen only in bed ridden patients. Cerebellar atrophy was more severe than brain stem, cord atrophy was n't observed in all MJD.

结果检出10个家系25例病人及1例症状前18岁女孩有MJD基因突变，CAG三核苷酸重复73～79次，异常等位基因片段长380～402bp，均为杂合子；正常人CAG三核苷酸重复18～40次，等位片段长200～270bp，电生理发现MJD的SCV减慢比MCV明显，而下肢的MCV、SCV又较上肢明显，BAEP、VEP均有不同程度的潜伏期延长或波的异常；MJD的父亲遗传早于母亲，进展也较块，临床以小脑性共济失调为突出症状，其次为构音障碍、突眼等，肌肉萎缩仅见于晚期病人；MRI示小脑萎缩较明显，脑干萎缩并不严重，未见明显的颈髓萎缩。

Results: All rats in experiment group devloped CAG at the end of 12 weeks with the following Pathological changes of CAG such as thin mucosa layer, thick muscle layer, decreased glandes, soakaging inflammation cells in microscope and with the time prolonging, the atrophy of gastric mucosa became more serious; In normal control group and normal feeding group, the IL-6 and IL-8 content in blood serum are the same at every time point; In experiment group, IL-6 became increased from 4wk and kept high level from 4wk to l2wk and had significant difference compared with normal controls.

结果：灌胃至12wk时出现胃粘膜层变薄，固有层腺体减少，固有层纤维结缔组织增生，粘膜肌层明显增生，慢性炎细胞浸润等萎缩性胃炎表现，随著热盐水灌胃时间的延长，32wk胃粘膜萎缩程度明显加重；正常对照组和正常餵养组大鼠各时间点血清IL-6，IL-8含量基本相同。

There is researcher think, humor can treatment brain two atrophy of hemisphere nerve cell-sloth and weak, positive such as toughen with the athletics can treatment the muscle atrophy similar, if teacher well timed usage teaching humor, cause happiness and dulcify, ability cancellation tired, make the teachers and the students keep spirit to fig up appearance in the whole lesson.

有研究者认为，幽默可以治疗大脑两半球神经细胞的萎缩-惰性和虚弱，正如用体育锻炼可以治疗肌肉萎缩一样，如果教师适时运用教学幽默，引起欢乐和愉悦，则能消除疲劳，使师生在整堂课保持精神振奋状态。

Results In the medium and high dose F0 groups, it was observed that the atrophy and incrassation of seminiferous tubule, decrease of spermatogenesis, hyperplasia of interstitial tissue, especially in high dose groups spermatozoon abnormality and nucleolus concentration in the rats testis after DU ingestion for 14 months. The changes became more severe with the prolongation of DU ingestion. Such changes occurred in filial rats (F1) after DC ingestion for 5 months. In the medium and high dose F0 groups, it was observed that a little atrophy of kidney glomerulus, hyperplasia of interstitial tissue after DC ingestion for 14 months, and kidney glomerulus fibrosis happened after DC ingestion for 20 months, such changes occurred in filial rats (F1) after DC ingestion for 5 months In the medium and high dose F0 groups, splenic germinal center and periarterial lymphatic sheaths were hyperplasia , companies with lymphopoiesis after DC ingestion for 7 months, splenic white pulp became more small and sparse after DC ingestion for 20 months.

结果 F0代的中、高剂量组大鼠摄入贫铀14个月后可见雄性的精曲小管萎缩，管壁增厚呈空虚网状，生精细胞层次减少，间质细胞增生，但仍见有精子生成；高剂量组可见到精子呈异型性改变，细胞核浓缩深染，且随着摄入时间延长改变愈趋明显；F1代大鼠摄入贫铀5个月后就有上述改变且更为严重。F0代中、高剂量组大鼠摄入贫铀14个月后肾小球轻度萎缩，间质增生明显，20个月时肾小球萎缩纤维化；F1代大鼠摄入贫铀5个月后就有上述改变。F0代中、高剂量组摄入贫铀7个月时脾脏生发中心和淋巴鞘增生，淋巴母细胞增生活跃，20个月时脾小体减少，生发中心稀疏；F1代大鼠摄入贫铀早期和晚期有类似改变。F0和F1代高剂量组摄入贫铀早期肝脏有炎症细胞浸润，晚期骨髓有核细胞减少，脂肪细胞增加。

The pathological study showed diffuse muscle fiber atrophy predominating in PM and perimysium atrophy in DM.

PM的病理改变主要表现为散在肌纤维萎缩；DM以束周萎缩多见。

Transcription, western, and immunohistochemical analysis showed increased levels of dystrophin transcript and protein, and correct localization at the sarcolemma.

用免疫组织化学分析用纳米作为载体进行寡聚核苷酸递送的实验鼠抗肌萎缩蛋白基因RNA和抗肌萎缩蛋白的水平得到提高，而且恢复了抗肌萎缩蛋白在肌肉细胞膜上的正确位置。

Results All four cases of Hirayama disease occured in adolescents,three were male,one was female,characterized by muscular atrophy in the hand and forearm with ulnar muscles worsening;the brachioradial was spare.Fine postural tremor （4 cases） and cold paresis （3 cases） were demonstrated.

结果 4例患者有3例为青春期男性，1例为青春期女性，主要表现为局限于手和前臂的肌萎缩，尺侧肌肉萎缩较重，上肢呈斜坡样。4例手指伸展时出现震颤；3例伴寒冷麻痹。

Fundus photographs showed myopic chorioretinal atrophy in eight study eyes (47%), including diffuse atrophy in four eyes (24%) and patchy atrophy in four eyes (24%). The IS/OS defects on FD-OCT were accompanied by myopic chorioretinal atrophy in three (60%) of five eyes.

眼底成像显示8只眼（47%）有近视性脉络膜视网膜萎缩，其中包括4只眼（24%）为弥漫性萎缩，4只眼（24%）为斑块状萎缩。5只眼中有3只眼（60%）的傅立叶域光学相干成像显示为光感受器内外节缺损伴随近视性脉络膜视网膜萎缩。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。