萌芽的

On the basis of a systematic collection and analysis of historical materials,the disserta-tion probes into the early appearance of a new mode of commercial legislative thinking in Chi-nese feudal society,the establishment of legal framework by western powers to serve fortheir economic invasion,the legal crisis in the development of Chinese national bourgeoise,the evolution of the commercial legislative thinking of Chinese national bourgeoisie,thecause,process and majar content of establishing commercial legislation by the Qing Dynasty,the Northern warlord and the ruling clique of Kuomingdang,as well as the ideological reasonwhy the Chinese commercial legislation between 1840 and 1930 failed to provide a effectivelegal framework for the modernization of Chinese economy.

本文在系统收集和整理史料的基础上，对中国封建社会内部出现的新型商事立法思想的萌芽，西方列强在华建立服务于其经济侵略的法律框架的活动，民族资产阶级在发展中所遇到的法律危机，民族资产阶级商事立法思想的发展过程（特别是其在清末、民初的发展），清政府、北洋军阀和国民党统治集团制定商法的原因、过程、主要内容，中国1840—1949年间商事立法不能为中国经济现代化提供完备、成熟、有效的制度基础的思想方面的原因等问题进行了尝试性的探索。

In western painting it came from the primitive society when a few space factors appeared in the mural paintings sketched out by single line, the Greek bottle picture with the simple perspectivity, the Rome mural painting in which the perspectivity was originated, the Middle Ages when the perspectivity develop relatively slowly, the Renaissauce when the perspectivity highly developed, the Post Impressionism when Cezanne reformed the structure of space subjectively and orderly to open the gate of Modern Art, the 21 Century when the space was des-constructed and the idea of space developed pluratislically, at last the beginning of Actionism , to reach the end of the development of the space in painting, so to achieve the return from the three-dimensional illusion to the reality.

西方绘画由原始社会单线勾勒的壁画中极少的空间因素的运用，继而希腊瓶画中简单的透视。罗马时期透视法的萌芽，中世纪的相对滞缓的发展，文艺复兴时期对自然完善的表现至塞尚，则开启了现代艺术中空间主观化、秩序化的先河，进而出现二十世纪绘画空间解构、重组、多元化发展的状况，行为艺术的产生，实现了绘画空间由三维幻象到真实的还原，成为西方绘画的空间发展历程的终结点。

Futures Studies conceptualized in 1940, from 1960 to 1970 went through the peak of development in Philosophy of Science. The main proponents of Philosophy of Science, such as Positivism, Postpositivism and Critical Realism deeply influenced the futurists' ideas of the time concept in Future Studies. The understanding of time in Philosophy of Science continues the linear time frame of modern physics. Future is happening after the present event. In the field of Futures Studies, people expect futurists to predict futures accurately. When futurists are predicting futures, and mapping possible futures, they employ Holism and Utopian thinking. Karl Propper opposed Historicism of trying to plan a blueprint for society.

中文摘要未来学萌芽於一九四○年代，从一九六○年到一九七○年未来学历经了科学哲学发展的巅峰时期，科学哲学的思想滋养了未来学家的思考，其中实证论、后实证论与批判实在论这三种论点影响了未来学家在时间概念上思考方向，科学哲学对时间概念的理解延续了现代物理时间观上线性式看待时间的方式，未来是当前事件必然发生的结果；在未来学的领域里，成功预测未来是大众对未来学者的期待，当未来学者在预测未来，进行未来规划时，思想中预含了整体主义与乌托邦式的思考，Propper从反对历史定论主义的思想来驳斥建立社会蓝图的可能。

Japan to time Tainan prefectural city Nanmenwai area, because under Japanese government's government order, starts large-scale changing burial sites, because changes burial sites namely the Taina metropolis plan which implements for the Japanese government, divides into three times, the seed time, the development time, launches the time, gradual expands Taina's metropolis scope, therefore in obtains the land in the process, an item of suburb generation of development, the Tainan prefectural city Nanmenwai's grave area becomes the date to the time Taina southing development center of gravity, after undergoing the grave migration the land, passes through plans, traveling schedule education, movement facility special-purpose, Japan to the time Tainan prefectural city Nanmenwai's grave picture, is penetratingUnder Japanese government's political power's changing burial sites, after as well as changes burial sites the construction, transforms the school and the athletic field, vital region.

日至时期的台南府城南门外地区，因为在日本政府的政令之下，开始大规模的迁葬，迁葬之因即为日本政府所实施的台南市都市计画，分为三个时期，萌芽期、开拓期、展开期，逐步的扩张台南市的都市范围，因此在取得土地的过程中，项城郊一代发展，台南府城南门外的墓葬区成为日至时期台南市南向发展的重心，经过坟墓迁移之后的土地，经过重新规划，行程教育、运动设施的专用地，日至时期台南府城南门外的墓葬景象，在透过日本政府的政治力量的迁葬之下，以及迁葬之后的建设，转变成学校与运动场，充满活力的区域。战争期间，因为战争需要，在台南府城南门外墓葬区的南侧建立台南军机场，因此在战争期间，台南府城南门外地区又带入军事的色彩，战后国民政府接收日本人撤退之后的所有建设，将空军后勤补给对进驻台南军机场，随之而来的眷属则占据日本人的宿舍，另外在新建多处的眷村，战后初期的眷村文化即进入台南府城南门外地区。

The research method is combining historic happening with scientific research.This paper is composed of seven chapters. The preface explains briefly the reason of choosing this topic and its significance, as well as the existent research situation in the academic circle.The first chapter presents the subjective and objective historical condition of the formation and development of his view about population quality in four aspects.The second chapter gives a full play to its evolution: it gestates and germinates before the failure of the revolution in 1911, takes shape and develops in the period of Base Area. The following period after the founding of People's Republic of China is its mature time. This view also experiences twisty developments in China's exploring period of socialism.The third part focuses on its major connotations, including Mao's narration on the connotation of Population quality, his analysis of contradiction between population quality and Chinese revolution and construction and of their significance, and the way to enhance Chinese population quality.The fourth chapter makes analyses of philosophical support of Mao's view from three "adherences": adherence to basic principle of seeking truth from facts;adherence to the common acknowledged fact that the people is the main part of history;adherence to the dialectical relation between being and consciousness.

全文共分七个部分：前言部分概述了本文选题的由来及意义，以及目前学术界对这一问题的研究现状；第一部分主要从四个方面论述毛泽东人口素质观形成和发展的主客观历史条件；第二部分描述了毛泽东人口素质观的演变轨迹：大革命失败前人口素质观的孕育和萌芽；根据地时期人口素质观的形成和发展；建国初期人口素质观的成熟以及全面探索社会主义建设时期的曲折发展；第三部分重点介绍了毛泽东人口素质观的主要内涵，包括毛泽东对人口素质内涵的论述，对人口素质与中国革命和建设的矛盾性分析，人口素质与中国革命和建设的重要性分析，以及如何提高中国人口素质等；第四部分分析了毛泽东人口素质观的哲学依据，主要有三个方面：坚持实事求是的基本原则；坚持人民群众是历史的主体；坚持存在与意识的辩证关系。

To be brief, the English romanticism on the one hand further pushes ahead the project of modernity in the artistic or aesthetic field, but on the other hand it also launches a vehement aesthetic critique of modernity, thus resulting in the birth of aesthetic modernity; the Chinese romantic movement represented by the Creation Society is characterized by a different Janus'face: like English romanticism, it is a significant artistic articulation of the principle of subjectivity (which is the kernel of modernity) in its initial stage, yet influenced by the interaction of individual enlightenment and the national salvation, a pair of conflicting themes typical of China's modernity project, the Creation Society gradually turns to the left and consequently not only radically politicizes its romantic spirit but also ironically suppresses the search of modernity.

简言之，英国浪漫主义思潮一方面在艺术和审美领域内进一步推进了现代性工程，而另一方面又反戈一击，对现代性工程进行了猛烈的审美批判，从而催生了现代性之另一对立性形态——审美现代性的最早萌芽，并因此而造成了现代性的分裂；以创造社为代表性个案的五四新文学中的浪漫主义思潮在中国的现代性语境下则又呈现出另一种两面性：一方面，创造社的初期也象英国浪漫派一样，通过在艺术和审美领域内竭力弘扬现代性的主体性原则，从而积极地推进了新文化运动所致力构建的现代性工程，但另一方面，个体启蒙和民族救亡两大中国现代性主题的纠结使得创造社在后期逐渐将其前期的启蒙浪漫主义进行了民族主义化和意识形态化，从而放弃了对现代性作更深入的追求。本文在结构上总共分为八章三部分。

Born of a graphic process that thrives on the out-of-focus image, flowery bubbles sprout in the asphalt, creating a vivid texture of natural grass and heather on the reflecting white: the solidity of urban ground reconfigured in a liquid state.

通过绘画的方法，似乎是失焦的图像，华丽的气泡象是沥青中生长出来的萌芽，创造出一个生动的一种天然草地和石南花质地的白色：坚固的城市地面经过改装呈液体形态。

By describing and summarizing the development of the divided ofpublic-private law from emergence to prosperity to variation,thechapter 2 firstly suggests that the theory of the divided ofpublic-private law in different time is coincident with then and therepolitics,economy and culture and has different function,that thecollective of legal rules belonging under public law or private law indifferent time is not entirely consistent,and that,even though therehave been many challenges to it,the divided of public-private lawshould not be completely denied in those traditional countries whichput it into practice.In fact,the phenomenon that public law andprivate law are penetrating each other just reflets these suggestions.

第二章首先通过总结公私法划分从萌芽到全盛再到现代社会的变异过程；说明不同时期的公私法划分理论分别与不同时期的政治、经济和文化相适应，发挥了不同的功能，不同时期的公法和私法对应的法律规则的集合也不尽相同，而且，在有实行公私法划分传统的国家，公私法划分尽管出现危机但不会被全面否定，&公法私法化&和&私法公法化&的现象正反映了上述结论。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。