萌发

Characterization of ABA receptor in membrane or/ and in cytosol may be important in this regard.

ABA在植物对环境胁迫的响应以及种子成熟与萌发等生长发育的多个过程中起着重要的生理作用。

As a phytohormone, abscisic acid regulates many aspects of plant growth and development, such as seed dormancy, germination, vegetative growth, and environment stresses.

植物激素脱落酸对植物的生长发育具有多方面的调节作用，比如种子休眠、萌发，营养生长，环境胁迫反应等。

In order to ascertain the allelopathy activity of Trifolium repens on weeds, the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract from the aerial part and root of T. repens under different concentrations on the germination rate, physiological and biochemical mechanism of germinating seeds of Abutilon theophrasti Medic.

为进一步明确白三叶草对杂草的化感作用，研究了不同浓度的白三叶草地上部分水浸液和根部水浸液对苘麻和稗草种子发芽率和种子萌发过程中生理生化机理的影响。

Aqueous extract of cotton has allelopathic effect on Raphanus sativus, Brassica campestris, Lactuca indica, Brassica campestris, Echinochloa crusgall, Setaria viridis and Abutilon theophrasti and its inhibition effect gradually strengthens with increasing concentration. Aqueous extracts from stems, leaves and roots of cotton inhibit or accelerate seed germination and seedling growth, and activity of enzyme of seedling root of cotton. While aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of cotton are 0.02 gmL^(-1), root length, shoot length, lateral root number and dry weight of cotton respectively increase by 10.3%, 3.1%, 22.9% and 2.4% over the control. The above mentioned indexes are lower than the control by 34.4%, 39.2%, 40.6% and 19.0% respectively as the aqueous extracts are 0.1 gmL^(-1). At the same time, root activity and SOD activity decrease by 38.2% and 36.7%, while POD activity and MDA content increase by 52.3% and 36.5%. Growth indexes of plant receptors increase at low concentrations but decrease at high concentrations of aqueous extracts. The allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of stems and leaves is stronger than that of root.

结果表明：棉花植株水浸提液对萝卜、白菜、莴苣、油菜、稗草、狗尾草、苘麻均具有化感效应，随着作用浓度增加，抑制效应逐渐加强；棉花茎叶和根系水浸提液对棉花种子萌发、幼苗生长、幼苗根系活力、根系酶活性有抑制或促进作用，当茎叶浸提液浓度为0.02 gmL^(-1)时，棉花根长、苗高、侧根数、干重分别比对照增加10.3%、3.1%、22.9%和2.4%，当浓度为0.1 gmL^(-1)时，上述指标与对照相比分别降低34.4%、39.2%、40.6%和19.0%，而根系活力、SOD活性比对照降低38.2%、36.7%，POD活性、MDA含量较对照增加52.3%和36.5%，不同浓度棉花植株水浸提液对棉花生长呈现"低促高抑"的规律，且茎叶浸提液作用效应大于根系浸提液。

The results show that this strain was a typical acidophile with optimal growth pH being 2.0 for hypha and pH 3.0-4.0 for the spore germination. Peptone was the most suitable nitrogen source which helped produce xylanase induced by xylan during stationary phase. The resultant xylanase reacted best at 50℃-55℃ and pH 3.5, and had activities 70% after 60 min maintenance under optimum reaction conditions.

结果表明：实验菌株嗜酸，菌丝生长最适pH为2.0，孢子萌发生长适宜pH为3.0-4.0；木聚糖诱导菌体在生长稳定期大量产生木聚糖酶，蛋白胨是菌体产酶的适宜氮源；菌株所产木聚糖酶属于酸性木聚糖酶，反应最适pH3.5、最适温度50℃-55℃，在最适反应条件下保温60min，残余酶活仍接近70%，适用于较强酸性的高温加工环境。

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

MethodThe2 group seeds of germination characteristics of M.verticillata were studied by using afterripening,low-temperature,soaking the seeds with hot water,GA3and KNO3treatments.

采用后熟、低温、温汤浸种、GA3和KNO3处理对2组种子冬葵种子的萌发特性进行研究。

Results showed that oil sunflower was highly tolerant to salt during seedling emergence.

结果表明，油葵在种子萌发出苗阶段表现较强的耐盐性。100~300mmol/LNaCl胁迫对油葵萌发的影响主要表现为推迟出苗、不影响出苗率。

The study was conducted in the Sheep Breeding Pasture-land of City Sanjiao of Qinghai Province, which located in north bank of the Qinghai Lake. The achnatherum splendens seed was studied as the object, and the germination characteristics in the different temperature with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30℃ are compared.

以青海湖地区三角城种羊场的芨芨草为观测对象，研究围栏内外芨芨草的种子外观特征差异，及其在5，10，15，20，25，30℃时的萌发特性，以期评价围栏封育对种子形态和萌发特性的影响。

The results show that the germination response of seeds to the different pretreatments was more or less similar for all ten Calligonum species.

萌发实验的结果表明，10种沙拐枣植物对于不同的种子预处理，或多或少表现出相似的萌发反应。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。