萌发

The results showed that the disease incidence of maize head smut was 31.3% when the soil temperature was 24℃.

试验结果表明，土壤温度为21℃，玉米丝黑穗的发病率最高为31.3%，17℃低温下发病率为10.9%~16.7%，温度在24℃时，发病率为3.7%~4.8%；土壤含水量与病害侵染发病有较明显的关系，土壤湿度为15%时利于孢子萌发与侵染，发病率达为31.1%，湿度10%、20%时发病率仅为3.7%~8.8%，干旱和高湿不利于病菌孢子萌发，湿度是决定发病程度的主导因素。

To obligatory pathogens like Pseudoperonospron cubensis, it could not only hold back the infection of hypha,but also heal the spot where infected by hypha.(8)The study on mechanism of action showed that the crude extract of S-5210 had a strong inhibition of the mycelia growth and spore germination which led to some abnormal growth such as the twisted and inflated mycelia, the abnormal increased branching, the broken mycelia wall and leakage of cytoplasm from hyphal tips.Alao the spores and the rate of germination were decreased, the germ tube was malformed in shape et al.The pathogenicity of hypha and spore was weakened.

8S-5210 活性产物的拮抗机理初步研究表明：S-5210 粗提物能强烈抑制病原菌菌丝的生长和孢子的萌发，引起病原菌菌丝扭曲或膨大、分枝增多、分枝顶端细胞壁破裂、原生质外溢；分生孢子数减少，孢子萌发率降低，芽管畸形等异常现象；菌丝和分生孢子致病性减弱。

In addition, Ca〓 ionophore A〓 impeded pollen germination and tube growth.

此外，Ca〓载离子体A〓亦抑制花粉萌发和花粉管生长，但与Verapamil和Co〓的效应不同，花粉管生长过程对A〓比花粉萌发敏感得多，表明花粉管中Ca〓极性分布对花粉管生长的重要性。

By studying preliminarily the biological characteristics of Neovossia horrida,screening experiment of controlling fungicides on rice kernel smut and surfactant, theresults are as fallows. 1. Studies on biological characteristics of Neovossia horrida indicate that thegermination of the chlamydospores is not at the same pace, the germination of thechlamydospores lasts more than 60 days, and some chlamydospores can germinatewithout dormancy.

本文通过对稻粒黑粉病病原生物学特性、防治药剂筛选和水面扩散剂的初步研究，得出如下结论： 1、病原生物学特性研究表明：病菌冬孢子的萌发相当不整齐，持续期长达60d以上；并发现极少数孢子不需要休眠即可萌发。

The study was done to understand the first protected wild and critically endangered aquatic fern in China-Isoetes sinensis and to provide more detailed proof about its artificial propagation and emigrate protection. The germination rate of megaspores were statisticed through aseptic culture of spores for rapid propagation in I.

为进一步了解中国一类保护的水生极危野生植物中华水韭以及在大量人工繁殖和迁地保护等方面提供更为详实的证据，运用无菌培养、快速繁殖的方法对中华水韭的大孢子萌发率作了统计，探讨了不同温度对其大孢子萌发的影响。

Nuttallii propagules germinated normally, but the buds was significantly inhibited (p.05) in growth and the recovery in the subsequent culture was slow. Exposures to 4 mmol/L or higher caused death of E. nuttallii. In contrast, at concentration of 4 mmol/L, all P. crispus buds survived with significant growth and had a good recovery in the subsequent culture; P. crispus turions were remarkably reduced in gerimination rate, but all sprouted in the subsequent culture.

在4mmol/L的乙酸影响下，菹草幼芽仍有明显的生长；菹草繁殖体的萌发受到显著抑制(p.05)，但在随后的培养中可全部萌发。4mmol/L以上的乙酸暴露3d或6d导致伊乐藻全部死亡，8mmol/L的乙酸处理6d或16mmol/L的乙酸处理3d或6d导致菹草全部死亡。

Soil seed banks of the differently degraded meadows in the headwater region of the Yellow River in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were studied by soil sifters and seed germination method at room temperature.

对青藏高原黄河源区不同退化程度高寒草地的土壤种子库土样用土壤分析筛进行浓缩，并以萌发法分析土壤种子库萌发种子数量和动态。

It was found that the highest PAO activities in embryonic axes and radicles of the peanut seedlings occurred in day 4 and day 5 respectively after germination in dark. Additionally, the extraction medium of peanut PAO was 0.1 mol/L phosphate-buffered saline （pH 7.0）, containing 0.5 mol/L NaCl and 1 % polyvinylpyrrolidone.

结果表明：黑暗条件下萌发的花生幼苗，其胚根和胚轴的PAO活性分别在萌发后的第4 d和第5 d出现一个峰值；含1 % PVP和0.5 M NaCl的磷酸缓冲液（0.1 mol/L，pH 7.0）用作花生PAO分离提取液可得到较好的提取效果。

It was found that the highest PAO activities in embryonic axes and radicles of the peanut seedlings occurred in day 4 and day 5 respectively after germination in dark. Additionally, the extraction medium of peanut PAO was 0.1 molL phosphate-buffered saline （pH 7.0）, containing 0.5 molL NaCl and 1 % polyvinylpyrrolidone.

结果表明：黑暗条件下萌发的花生幼苗，其胚根和胚轴的PAO活性分别在萌发后的第4 d和第5 d出现一个峰值；含1 % PVP和0.5 M NaCl的磷酸缓冲液（0.1 molL，pH 7.0）用作花生PAO分离提取液可得到较好的提取效果。

Honghezi,Dongbi,Shieryuelongyan,etc.The results showed that the method of Calcium-alginate -embedded suspended culture shaking at50r/min was suitable for longan proto plast culture;and the optimal regeneration,with up to5%of microcolony formation,occurred when protoplasts from suspensions were cultured ...

研究结果表明，海藻酸钙包埋悬浮振荡培养(50r/min)是龙眼悬浮细胞原生质体培养的适宜培养方式，在含有多种生长调节剂的改良MS培养基(MP6)上，再生小克隆的形成频率可高达5%；采用龙眼胚性愈伤组织体胚诱导、成熟和萌发的优化方案，原生质体再生小克隆分化子叶形胚状体的频率达100%，萌发植株的频率一般大于45%。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。