萃取的

Described the design of supercritical fluid extraction principles; combination of star anise essential oil of the nature of the proposed extraction conditions for extracting pressure 15MPa, extraction temperature 40 ℃, CO2 flow rate 830 ~ 850L / h, extraction time of 2h, the extraction conditions selected temperature swing separation, further development of the star anise crushed, CO2 super-critical phase transition, extraction, separation and packaging processes; in determining the production process on the basis of material balance, heat balance, extractor size calculation, piping calculation and packaging process is calculated; for the pollution occurred during the production, analysis of pollution sources, pollution control and waste treatment proposed measures; accounting of production costs and value.

本设计阐述了超临界流体萃取技术的原理；结合八角精油的性质，提出萃取条件为萃取压力15MPa，萃取温度40℃，CO2流量830～850L/h，萃取时间2h，根据萃取条件选用变温变压的分离方式，进一步制定了八角粉碎、CO2超临界相变、萃取、分离和包装等工序；在确定的生产工艺流程的基础上进行物料衡算、热量衡算、萃取釜尺寸计算、管路计算和包装工序计算；针对生产过程中出现的污染，分析污染的来源，提出控制污染和废料处理的措施；核算生产的成本和价值。

The results showed that the significance of the effects of these factors on the oil extraction efficiency decreaseed in the order:extraction pressure, time, temperature and entrainer dosage, and the maximum extraction efficiency of watermelon seed oil could reach 52.18% under the extraction pressure of 40 MPa, temperature of 45℃, time of 150 min and the ethanol dosage of 7%.

结果表明，影响西瓜籽油萃取率的因素主次顺序为：萃取压力＞萃取时间＞萃取温度＞夹带剂用量；最佳提取条件为萃取压力40 MPa，萃取温度45℃，萃取时间150 min，夹带剂乙醇用量7%。在最佳条件下西瓜籽油萃取率为52.18%。

Natural extracts of rice milk and mallow, olive oil, and moisturizers made from sugar are gentle and hypoallergenic and won't irritate as they moisturize sensitive baby skin especially important since babies absorb more through their skin than grownups.

一款让宝宝的皮肤柔嫩有弹性的日常滋养乳液，就象大自然所附予的，天然萃取的牛奶糊和锦葵植物，橄榄油精华，来自糖分的保湿成分温和并且低过敏，不会在保湿时刺激宝宝的肌肤，特别重要的是，吸收比皮肤的生长更为重要。

ConclusionThe extraction rate of volatile oils from Heracleum hemsleyanum Diels by supercritical CO2extraction process is higher than that of water vapor distillation,and the optimized extraction conditions are:extraction pressure 25MPa,extraction temperature 45℃ and flow rate of CO2 20L/h, and the yield of volatile oils is 0.65%.

结果通过各因素级差大小的比较可知：萃取压力的变化对萃取率的影响最大，萃取温度次之，而CO2流量对萃取率的影响最小。结论超临界CO2萃取牛尾独活挥发油的萃取率较水蒸气蒸馏法高，最佳萃取条件为萃取压力25MPa，萃取温度45℃，CO2流量20L/h，挥发油收率为0.65%。

The optimal technological parameters of oil extraction from Kosteletzkya virginica seeds by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology should be as follows: extraction pressure 25MPa, extraction ...

结果表明超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取海滨锦葵籽油的最佳工艺参数为：萃取压力25MPa，萃取温度45℃，CO2流量18kg.h-1，萃取时间为120min，在该工艺条件下萃取三次，海滨锦葵籽油萃取率达到19.35%。

The optimum conditions were starfruit weight (30 g), flow rate (9 NL/min), extraction time (45min), extraction pressure (4500 psi), extraction temperature (65℃), addition volume of ethanol cosolvent (40 ml), ethanol concentration (80%) and static supercritical extraction.

实验结果发现，本次实验最佳条件为杨桃量30 g、杨桃颗粒大小为中颗粒、泄压流速9 NL/min、萃取时间45 min、萃取压力4500 psi、萃取温度65℃、共溶剂乙醇的添加量40 ml 、共溶剂乙醇浓度80 %及萃取方式 SFE-静态，所萃取出之多酚含量1.302 mg/ml 大於非超临界萃取而相同萃取条件下之多酚量0.979 mg/ml。

Most conventional methods for the extraction of substrate network were based on the use of frequency behavior of Y22 + Y21. However, we found that the feedback signal through the internal circuit elements makes the conductance of the substrate network underestimated while makes the susceptance of the substrate network overestimated. If conventional methods are directly performed on large area SiGe HBTs, a negative effective substrate resistance will be extracted. In the first part of the thesis, a new extraction method for the substrate network parameters of SiGe HBTs is proposed. When extracting the substrate network parameters, the feedback signal through internal circuit elements is considered. All the circuit elements of substrate network are extracted from Ysub instead of Y22 + Y21. The extracted substrate network parameters show a different bias dependence as compared to the conventional methods. By using a simple n+-p junction, we successfully explained the extracted bias dependent substrate network parameters. We developed a series linear regression equation to extracted the intrinsic circuit elements from the ABCD parameters. Compared with the conventional methods which extracted the circuit elements from Y-parameters or Z-parameters, the proposed method is much simple and easy to implement in the computer programs.

传统方法在萃取基板网路参数时，常常由所量得的Y22 + Y21来著手，但我们的研究发现，利用Y22 + Y21的频率关系来萃取基板参数时，基板网路的电导会被低估而基板网路的电纳则会被高估，另外传统基板网路参数萃取方法在萃取大尺寸元件基板网路参数时会得到负值基板等效电阻，以上的非理想效应皆因忽略部份信号会经由本质参数对基板网路做回授的影响，因此本论文中提出一个新的基板网路参数萃取方法，在萃取基板网路参数时考虑了由本质参数所回授的信号，并且由Ysub而非Y22 + Y21萃取基板等效电阻、基板等效电容及基板与集极空乏电容，成功的解决上述的一些非理想效应，所得到的基板网路参数与集极偏压的关系与传统方法所得的趋势相异，经由一个简单的模型成功的解释了所萃取得到的基板网路参数与偏压的关系，在萃取本质参数时，我们舍弃传统萃取方法中常用的Y参数或Z参数萃取方程式，而改用ABCD参数，并提出一系列的线性回归方程式，萃取所有的本质参数，与传统方法比较起来，比较简单而且容易建立在使用者的参数萃取软体中。

With the extraction efficiency of rotenone and total substance obtained as estimated index, the technology conditions of extracting rotenone from the leaves of Tephrosia vogelii were investigated by SFE-HPLC method.

采用超临界流体萃取反相高效液相色谱法，以鱼藤酮萃取率和萃取产物总得率为评价指标，研究提出非洲山毛豆 Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f中鱼藤酮的超临界流体萃取较优工艺条件为：萃取物料粒径30目，静态萃取20min，萃取温度45℃，压力27.58MPa，流体总流量30mL/g，萃取前向萃取池中加入3mL甲醇作夹带剂。

The studies was proceeded on the the supercritical CO2 extraction technique of rotenone from Tephrosia vogelii. The extraction influences of technology conditions were systematically groped, The research results were listed as follows:1 The analysis method applied in this paper has been proved to be suitable to technology research of the studies on the SC-CO: extraction technique of rotenone from Tephrosia vogelii. 3 indexes, extraction ratio of rotenone. extraction ratio of total compounds and rotenone content percent in total compounds weight, were carried out with HPLC quantitatively determination combined with the sample weight loss after extraction. With these 3 indexes. The extraction influences of technology conditions were evaluated by synthesis. Then the best technology conditions were ascertained for different extraction aims.2 The pretreatment of rough material should be needed before extraction. Comminuting the material to 0.28mm size is most fit to SC-CO: extraction.3 Firstly static extracting 20 min then turn to dynamic doing is the better extraction mode than other ones.4 The orthogonal experiment was conduct with 3 factors and 5 levers.

本论文通过对非洲山毛豆SC-CO_2萃取中影响萃取效果的工艺条件的研究，初步得出如下结果：(1)本论文中所采用的萃取效果评价方法适宜于非洲山毛豆中鱼藤酮的超临界流体萃取技术研究，该方法具体为：HPLC定量分析非洲山毛豆SC-CO_2萃取物中的鱼藤酮含量，再结合萃取前后处理样品的重量损失，得出鱼藤酮萃取率、萃取所得粗物质萃取率和粗物质中鱼藤酮含量三个参数，以此三个指标综合评价萃取条件对萃取效果的影响；(2)通过对原料粒度对萃取效果影响的研究，结果表明SC-CO_2萃取非洲山毛豆复叶中的鱼藤酮，原料粉碎成30目粒度叶粉时萃取效果较好；(3)通过对萃取方式与萃取效果之间关系的研究，结果表明SC-CO_2萃取非洲山毛豆中鱼藤酮应采用先静态后动态的萃取方式，静态萃取时间为20min；(4)通过温度、压力和CO_2流量三因素五水平的正交试验，结果表明温度是最主要的影响因素，压力因素对鱼藤酮萃取率的影响程度高于CO_2流量，而对于粗物质萃取率和粗物质中鱼藤酮含量CO_2流量因素高于压力。

Phthalic acid esters are widely used in the many fields of industry. So many countries including China have come to pay attention to them and make up the codes for limiting the content in some products such as textile. By combining international codes, the thesis selects coating and textile that have close relative with people as objections. The research results are as follows:1. The thesis has established the textiles preparation method by a series of experimentations such as extraction solvent, extraction time, solid-phase extraction. The average recoveries of eleven phthalates are from 80.30% to 98.00%, and the relative standard deviations from 0.59% to 2.56%, the results show that this method is accurate and credible.2. The thesis set up the simultaneous determination of benzene, toluene, xylenes and phthalates in coatings.

邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物被广泛地应用在工业领域的各个方面，国际上已经开始重视邻苯二甲酸酯作为一种内分泌干扰素的危害性，对在一些产品中的用量作出了限制，但没有具体的分析测定方法，本论文结合国际法规选择了与人们生活密切相关的涂料和纺织品来研究其中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的测定方法，研究内容如下：(1)通过对提取溶剂、提取方式、提取时间的选择实验以及固相萃取的一系列条件实验，首次建立了纺织品中测定邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的前处理方法，并对分析方法作了准确度、精密度验证。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失