萃取剂

Linear solvation energy relation was firstly introduced in the paper, and the method and step of gaining the special parameters of solvent and solute were introduced in detail, and these special parameters were used to selection and optimization of extractive agent in extractive distillation. The model of predicting activity coefficient at infinite dilution was established by linear solvation energy relation. By the above theory, several candidate solvents were selected to separate C5 fraction, and by experiment of vapor-liquid phase equilibrium at atmosphere pressure, the mixture of N-methyl-pyrrolidone including 4% water was used extractive agent of separating C5 fraction. Then binary vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of the some compound in C5 fraction and N-methyl-pyrolidone were determined at atmosphere pressure and correlated by NRTL equation. Isoprene being objective compound, experiments were operated in the laboratory-scale column; the processes were simulated by RadFrac model in ASPEN PLUS. And by the combination of experiment and simulation, the new process of separation of C5 was established.

本文首先对线性溶剂化能关系进行了分析介绍，也介绍了采用溶剂化能关系得到溶质溶剂特性参数的方法步骤，并将这些参数用于萃取精馏萃取剂的选择与优化；也通过线性溶剂化能关系式建立无限稀释活度系数预测模型，取得了一定的预测精度；将通过上述方法初选的溶剂进行了常压汽液平衡的测定研究，通过实验研究选定含水4%的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液做为C5分离的萃取剂，测定了大量N-甲基吡咯烷酮与C5组分的二元平衡数据，并进行关联计算；以异戊二烯为目标产物在实验室规模的精馏塔内进行了C5分离的实验研究，取得大量塔内数据；通过选用合适的热力学模型，采用ASPEN中RadFrac模块对分离过程进行模拟研究，通过实验与模拟相结合，建立了C5分离的新工艺，为将来的工业化打下了坚实的基础。

The computational formula for diffusion coefficient of fiber solvent is as follows:During the process of di-diffusion, D is related to the variety of extracting agent and extracting mode, D increases with the increasing of extracting bath ratio and temperature.

纤维溶剂扩散系数的计算公式为：双扩散过程中溶剂扩散系数与萃取剂种类和萃取方式有关，并随萃取浴比和萃取浴温度的升高而增加。

It is indicated by the results that using butanol,butanol residue and octene aldehyde residue as the extracting agent,the treatment of butanol wastewater will get a good result with the COD removed to be 83%～94%,u...

实验结果表明：以辛醇、辛醇残液和辛烯醛残液作为萃取剂，在废水pH值为1~3、萃取剂与废水的体积比为1∶(1~12)、温度为25~60℃条件下，对丁辛醇废水进行萃取处理，均可得到较好的处理效果，COD去除率可达83%~94%。

The mechanism of synergistic extraction was discussed, and the stoichiometry of the extracted complexes was determined.

探讨了CA-100与-盐基磷酸类萃取剂对锌和镉的协同萃取，研究了协同萃取机理，确定了协萃配合物的组成。

The results showed that pH and the dosage of aspartic acid or citric acid had a significant effect on the extraction efficiency.

以天冬氨酸作为萃取剂，研究了其对上海桃浦污水处理厂污泥中重金属的萃取性能，重点考察了萃取体系pH值对重金属萃取的影响，并在相同条件下与柠檬酸的萃取过程进行比较。

Through the calculation of the relative volatility under different solvents and conditions for some azeotropic systems, optimum solvents have been chosen, and the influences of temperature and ratio of solvent on relative volatility were discussed.

通过对甲醇－乙酸甲酯共沸体系在不同萃取剂和不同萃取条件下相对挥发度的计算，选择出适宜的萃取剂，并讨论了温度和溶剂比对相对挥发度的影响。

1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-caprylpyrazolone-5 was synthesized from 1-phenyl-3-methyl-pyrazolone-5 and caprylyl chloride, and some extraction parameters were investigated such as the acidity, the concentration of Sr, the time of the extraction and the thinners.

通过1-苯基-3-甲基-吡唑啉酮-5与辛酰氯合成萃取剂1-苯基-3-甲基-4-辛酰基吡唑啉酮-5，并对其萃取Sr的影响因素，如酸度、Sr浓度、萃取时间和稀释剂等进行研究。

An attempt was made to remove color from simulated wastewaters containing Acid Scarlet GR and Reactive violet K-3R by cloud point extraction using a nonionic surfactant of Triton X-114. The influence of the concentrations, equilibrium temperature and equilibrium time on the extraction efficiency was tested. The experimental results show that the extraction efficiency to dye increases with increasing concentration of TX-114 and salt or decreasing initial dye concentration.

本文选用非离子表面活性剂TX-114作浊点萃取剂，研究了由酸性大红与活性紫构成的单元和二元混合染料模拟有色废水的萃取脱色过程，讨论了表面活性剂浓度、染料浓度、盐浓度、平衡温度、平衡时间等因素对萃取效率的影响结果表明，提高表面活性剂浓度、盐浓度有利于提高萃取效率，而染料浓度增加则使萃取效率略有下降。

Compared with the control, the percentages of living microorganisms on the biomembrane were 27.6, 14.1 and 0.01, respectively, after extracted by hydroxylamine hydrochloride （0.01mol·L^-1 NH2OH·HCl ＋ 0.01mol·L^-1 HNO3 ）, sodium dithionite （ 0.4mol·L^-1 Na2S2O4, pH 6.0 ）, and acidified ammonium oxalate.

经0.01mol·L^-1 NH2OH·HCl＋0.01mol·L^-1 HNO3、0.4mol·L^-1 Na2S2O4（pH6.0）和0.2mol·L^-1草酸氨（pH4.0）萃取后存活的微生物总量分别下降到原膜的27.6％、14.1％和0.01％；经15％HNO3萃取后，膜上只有极少数的细菌存活；而经H2O2／HNO3萃取后则无细菌存活、原生动物和藻类存活，说明选择性化学萃取剂的使用影响生物膜的活性。

ABSTRACT A binary solvent system for lincomycin extraction was investigated.

为了寻找适合萃取林可霉素的二元萃取剂，对林可霉素在不同溶剂中的分配系数以及二元萃取剂的性能进行了研究。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。