萃取

A sequential extraction technique to fractionate P and the method proposed by Bremner to separate N in different fractions were used.

本试验利用Sui 和 Thompson (1999)序列萃取法，以不同强弱的萃取剂来划分土壤中的磷，将土壤磷划分为水萃取磷、碳酸氢钠萃取有机磷及无机磷、氢氧化钠萃取有机磷及无机磷、盐酸萃取磷及残余磷；利用 Bremner (1965)的土壤有机态氮划分法将土壤有机态氮划分为水解性全氮、水解性铵态氮、胺基醣态氮、胺基酸态氮及不可辨认的水解性氮。

Factors of sample temperature,adsorption time and desorption time on the SPME treatment of seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill were investigated.

考察了萃取样品温度、萃取纤维吸附时间及解吸时间对于固相微萃取的影响，确定了固相微萃取小茴香挥发性成分较佳的实验条件为：萃取样品温度60℃，萃取纤维吸附时间40min，脱附温度250℃，脱附时间5min。

The diluent solution of glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid was used as the separation object.TOA (in n-octanol) was used as the solvent. The extraction characteristics of single acid and two-acid solution were studied,and the influence of pH and the concentration of complexing agent on the distribution coefficients were measured. The suitable mathematic models were proposed to describe the relationship between TOA and carboxylic acid based on assumed extraction reaction in organic phase.

摘 要：以草酸和乙醛酸的稀溶液为分离对象，采用三辛胺为萃取反应剂、正辛醇为稀释剂，研究了单溶质、双溶质有机酸的萃取分离特性，测定了溶液pH值、萃取反应剂的浓度等因素对双溶质有机酸萃取的影响，提出了萃取的化学反应发生在有机相中的假定，建立了TOA萃取草酸的数学模型。

The diluent solution of glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid was used as the separation object. TOA (in n-octanol) was used as the solvent. The extraction characteristics of single acid and two-acid solution were studied, and the influence of pH arid the concentration of complexing agent on the distribution coefficients were measured. The suitable mathematic models were proposed to describe the relationship between TOA and carboxylic acid based on assumed extraction reaction in organic phase.

以草酸和乙醛酸的稀溶液为分离对象，采用三辛胺为萃取反应剂、正辛醇为稀释剂，研究了单溶质、双溶质有机酸的萃取分离特性，测定了溶液pH值、萃取反应剂的浓度等因素对双溶质有机酸萃取的影响，提出了萃取的化学反应发生在有机相中的假定，建立了TOA萃取草酸的数学模型。

The optimal technological parameters of oil extraction from Kosteletzkya virginica seeds by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology should be as follows: extraction pressure 25MPa, extraction ...

结果表明超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取海滨锦葵籽油的最佳工艺参数为：萃取压力25MPa，萃取温度45℃，CO2流量18kg.h-1，萃取时间为120min，在该工艺条件下萃取三次，海滨锦葵籽油萃取率达到19.35%。

Distribution ratios of complex extraction for different operation conditions were forecasted. Using mass action law, the liquid-liquid equilibrium models of complex extraction of monobasic and polybasic carboxylic acid have been successfully induced, and physical extraction were also considered in the model. On the basis of orthogonal experiments, the models of equilibrium distribution ratios were established. The processes of complex extraction were tested and verified. Comparing experimental data with model values, it could be held that the regression precision of model was rather high and the model supplied fundamental data for industrial amplification and practical use of complex extraction.

采用质量作用定律分析方法，成功地推导了同时考虑物理萃取的一元及多元羧酸络合萃取通用液-液平衡数学模型，并在正交试验基础上建立了磷酸三丁酯络合萃取丁酸、三烷基胺（7301）萃取丁酸、丁二酸、柠檬酸的平衡分配系数模型，从平衡角度对络合萃取过程进行了验证与预测，通过实验数据与模型计算值比较，表明模型的拟合精度较好，从而为络合萃取技术的工业放大与实际应用提供了重要依据。

The supercritical fluid extraction of carbon dioxide owns lower extraction temperature and high diffuse coefficient. So, the technology is able to extract the thermal instable materials. In this study, we extract the polyphenols from damage starfruit by the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid and confer the extraction outcome. To seek the optimum operation conditions was the main purpose and provided the technology to starfruit processing industries.

超临界二氧化碳萃取技术具有低萃取温度，高扩散能力之特性，可将天然中热不稳定性物质萃出，并保留活性成分，所以本研究拟对受伤杨桃以超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术进行杨桃多酚的萃取，并探讨杨桃多酚的萃取率，以提供杨桃汁制造业者回收杨桃之最佳化方法，并提高杨桃的附加价值。

The optimum conditions were starfruit weight (30 g), flow rate (9 NL/min), extraction time (45min), extraction pressure (4500 psi), extraction temperature (65℃), addition volume of ethanol cosolvent (40 ml), ethanol concentration (80%) and static supercritical extraction.

实验结果发现，本次实验最佳条件为杨桃量30 g、杨桃颗粒大小为中颗粒、泄压流速9 NL/min、萃取时间45 min、萃取压力4500 psi、萃取温度65℃、共溶剂乙醇的添加量40 ml 、共溶剂乙醇浓度80 %及萃取方式 SFE-静态，所萃取出之多酚含量1.302 mg/ml 大於非超临界萃取而相同萃取条件下之多酚量0.979 mg/ml。

Taking the brines from Qinghai Chaerhan salt lakes as raw material, sulfonated kerosine as diluting agent, the experiment of extracting boric acid from brines by 2 - ethyl - 1,3 - haxanediol is carried out. The concentration of extractant,acidity, the ratio of organic phase to brine, the time of extraction and extration isotherm are investigated.

以青海察尔汗盐湖提钾后老卤为原料，以磺化煤油为稀释剂，从萃取剂浓度、酸度、相比、萃取时间、萃取等温线5个方面加以试验，获得了2-乙基-1，3-己二醇从卤水中萃取提硼的最佳试验条件，并与2-乙基己醇和磺化煤油的萃取体系进行比较，得出二元醇的萃取效果高于一元醇的结论。

The interfacial chemistry, synergistic effects and interfacial kinetics of thesynergistic extraction system D_2EHPA-MPA-Fe~(3+) have been studied, where MPA is amono-alkyl phosphate extraction with long carbon chain. D_2EHPA in the mixed extractionsystem strongly exhibits the effect on the thermodynamics of micella formation and interfaceproperties of MPA. Some thermodynamic parameters of micella formation were obtained.The interfacial adsorption behaviour of D_2EHPA is opposite to that of MPA. Theemulsification for single MPA and the mixed system was discussed. The synergistic effectswere found in this mixed extraction system. It is proved that the process of Fe~(3+) extractionfor non-mixed extraction system is controlled by chemical reaction, the controlling reactionoccurs at the interface, and the reaction rate equation is obtained.

本文研究了协同萃取体系D_2EHPA—MPA—Fe~(3+的胶团形成热力学、界面特性、协萃效应和界面动力学(动力学控制机制和反应速率方程)研究发现，混合萃取体系中的D_2EHPA强烈地影响MPA的胶团形成热力学和界面吸附行为，得到了胶团生成常数、胶团形成自由能和临界胶团浓度的热力学参数D_2EHPA和MPA具有相反的界面吸附行为研究发现D_2EHPA—MPA混合萃取剂体系对Fe~(3+)产生了协萃效应动力学和界面化学的研究结果还证实了非胶束混合萃取体系的Fe~(3+)的萃取过程是受化学反应控制的，控制反应发生在界面上

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失