菌苗

Adsorbate bacterins can vary in potency, which affects the level and duration of protection

吸附菌苗在影响保护水平和时间的能力上可能不同。

IEM101.an E1 Tor strain with the absence of CTXΦ naturally. has been evaluated in animal models and human volunteers and shown to be an ideal candidate. However it can not elicit antitoxic immunity.

IEM101是本室从水体分离的EVC无毒株中筛选的一株天然不含ctxAB的菌株，经动物及人体志愿者实验证实为理想的菌苗侯选株。

So, Z-1 was named IEM106 and regarded as a live oral cholera vaccine candidate eliciting both antibacterial and antitoxic immunity.

以上结果表明，Z-1无毒，免疫家兔可诱导抗菌抗毒免疫，具有很好的保护作用，可以作为霍乱弧菌抗菌抗毒口服活菌苗候选株，命名为IEM106。

ThyA. ctxB was also cloned in this plasmid to elicit anti-toxin immunal response. This improved vaccine candidate derived from IEM101 is named IEM108.which can elicit both antibacterial and antitoxic immunity.

并采用以管家基因thyA为选择压力的质粒-染色体致死平衡系统使之稳定表达，构建生物安全的抗菌抗毒基因工程活菌苗，该菌苗株命名为IEM108。

The company has signed an agreement with Chinas Hualan Biological Bacterin Company to obtain the technology for producing the vaccines, and to exclusively represent Haulan in the Middle East.

该公司已与中国签署协议的S华兰生物菌苗公司获得的疫苗生产技术，并专门代表在中东Haulan。

The deal means Juphar will produce, market and supply single-dose pandemic H1N1 vaccines for the Middle East and North Africa region, on behalf of Hualan Biological Bacterin Company.

这个协议意味着Juphar将生产，营销和供应单剂大流行性流感疫苗中东和北非地区，对华兰生物菌苗代表公司。

The caulicle and the root of Rh Sachalinensis The induction of callus from the cotyledon is easiest.

利用高山红景天无菌苗的子叶、幼叶、幼茎和根成功诱导出了7种愈伤组织。

The results showed that the population administered with free adjuvant cholera vaccines,both low dose group and common dose group,occurred the weak adverse reaction with 10￣25% rate.The reaction rates between two dose groups of the same vaccine have not significant difference;The reaction rate of the first inoculation(19￣25%) is higher than those of the second inoculation(10￣15%)(P 05);The inoculating local reaction is very light ,only the very few subject occurred the scleroma with 15 mm of diameter.The reaction of aluminum absorbed cholera vaccine is slightly stronger than those of other groups.

结果表明，不加铝佐剂的O139型霍乱菌苗及O1群霍乱菌苗，不论是低剂量组（两剂全程接种45亿菌体）抑或常剂量组（全程接种90亿）接种人群均可产生10～25％的体温呈轻度升高的弱反应，并且同种菌苗的两剂量组的反应率无显著差异；第一剂接种的反应率（19～25％）较第二剂接种的（10～15％）高，P＜0.05；接种局部反应轻微，只有个别受试者出现直径小于15mm的硬结；加佐剂的O1群吸附霍乱菌苗的反应较其它组强。

Plantlet regeneration from cotyledon of Citrullus lanatus cv. Zhangkang No. 4 was studied. The results showed that aseptic seedlings should be cultured in dark for 3d, then exposed to a photoperiod of 16/8h/d for 3d. The callus induction rate was higher in cotyledons placed facing downwards to the medium than in those facing upwards. The highest induction rate occurred in MS medium containing 6-BA (2.0mg/L), kinetin (1.0mg/L)and GA3 (1.0mg/L). The induction initiated in dark and took 7 days, while callus growth and differentiation proceeding for 7 days under 16/8h light-dark cycles. A highest rate of embryogenic callus was obtained after 3 successive subcultures.

以无子西瓜郑抗4号无菌苗子叶为外植体，进行了体细胞胚发生及植株再生的研究，结果表明，无菌苗应先进行3d暗培养，然后采取光照16h/d和黑暗8h/d培养3d；将子叶的叶面朝下放置于培养基上的愈伤组织诱导率高于叶面朝上的培养方式；子叶诱导胚性愈伤组织的最适培养基配方为MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+KT1.0mg/L+GA31.0mg/L；诱导需要在黑暗条件下启动，进行7d暗培养，而生长分化于光照16h/d和黑暗8h/d条件下培养7d；继代3次得到的胚性愈伤组织最多；最适生根培养基配方为1/2MS+IBA0.3mg/L。

MS medium equipmented with different kinds and concentrations of phytohormones were used to induce and subcultrue of calli from suaeda salsa L.

mg/ L上培养出盐地碱蓬的无菌苗，然后在 MS基本培养基中添加不同的激素种类及浓度配比，对所培养的无菌苗的下胚轴和叶进行愈伤组织的诱导与继代。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。