菌根

The results showed that Hyphae, conidiophore, conidium and chlamydospore of biocontrol strains ZK7 and IPC were found in the rhizoplane, Hyphae of ZK7 and IPC penetrated epidermal cells to deep cortical cells but not in phloem tissue and xylem vessels, biocontrol strains ZK7 and IPC also crossed and even grew within epidermal and conical cell walls without any visible alterations of the plant cell.

生防菌ZK7和IPC菌株能以菌丝方式稳定定殖于烟草根表的根冠区、伸长区、根毛区、成熟区等不同部位，而在根内的定殖仅局限于根表皮层较深的细胞组织，不能侵入烟草根部的韧皮部和木质部组织。

Hairy roots were induced from tobacco leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA1334 harboring agropin type PRil855 and binary vector PIG121HM carrying a kanamycin resistant gene nptll and GUS gene and the good hairy root clones were selected. The root with many root hairs and branches grew vigorously toward all the direction on MS medium without plant hormone and on kanamyain containing medium (km:30mg/L). The structure of the hairy root tip is different from that of ordinary root. Witch was not typical root cap maybe the main cause of losing the geotropism of hairy root. Plantlet regenerated from hairy root when cultured on Ms medium without plant hormone. The nicotine content of the hairy root was little higher than that in the natural roots.

本研究通过发根农杆菌工程菌LBA1334(含有野生型pRi1855质粒和pIG121HM双元载体质粒，编码NPTⅡ基因和GUS基因)转化烟草沙姆逊，获得了具有卡那霉素抗性烟草发状根，并筛选出良好的单克隆株系，该发状根具有典型的发状根特性(多根毛、多分支、在无激素培养基上快速生长)，通过根尖压片分析，烟草发状根不具备典型的根冠；发状根中烟碱含量1.61％稍高于与天然栽培品种母体根的含量(1.5％左右)，发状根向培养液中释放烟碱，释放量最多时占总烟碱量的81.1％；在无激素的培养基上获得了再生植株。

Brown rhizomorph and hyphae can be seen on the seedlings'rhizome, main root and side root while nothing is on the tip of the root.It was found that rhizomorph on the surface of roots would die after inoculation in 90 days in pot.

子实体单生或丛生，出菇至成熟3 d~4 d，单个子实体重20.0 g~62.0 g；小粒咖啡苗的根茎、主根及侧根被茶褐色的菌索和菌膜包裹，而根尖及靠近根尖的侧根上没有菌丝和菌索生长或生长很少；盆栽小粒咖啡苗，在接种90 d后其根系表面的菌索死亡。

It was demonstrated that BDF-H16 was an gram-negative bacterium and had a bacilliform or arc bacilliform shape with a flagellum at one end.

结果表明：蛭弧菌BDF-H16为革兰氏阴性菌，杆形或弧杆形，端生一根鞭毛，菌体大小多为0.2μm～0.5μm×0.8μm～1.2μm；蛭弧菌BDF-H16对实验所选用的革兰氏阴性菌和部分革兰氏阳性菌均有裂解作用；以大肠杆菌为宿主菌，其最佳生长条件为宿主菌浓度6.75×10~9cfu/mL、pH7.0～7.5、温度28℃；在NaCl含量0.85%～5.00%的培养基中能够生长；恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星对其有抑制作用。

It was demonstrated that BDF-H16 was an gram-negative bacterium and had a bacilliform or arc bacilliform shape with a flagellum at one end.Its size was mostly 0.2μm～0.5μm×0.8μm～1.2μm.It had a wide prey area and could lyse all tested gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria. The best lysis conditions to Escherichia coli were 6.75×109cfu/mL of prey bacteria concentration、pH7.0~7.5、28℃. It could grow in the solid culture added 0.85%~5.00% NaCl and was inhibited by enrofloxacin and norfloxacin.

结果表明：蛭弧菌BDF-H16为革兰氏阴性菌，杆形或弧杆形，端生一根鞭毛，菌体大小多为0.2μm～0.5μm×0.8μm～1.2μm；蛭弧菌BDF-H16对实验所选用的革兰氏阴性菌和部分革兰氏阳性菌均有裂解作用；以大肠杆菌为宿主菌，其最佳生长条件为宿主菌浓度6.75×109cfu/mL、pH7.0～7.5、温度28℃；在NaCl含量0.85%～5.00%的培养基中能够生长；恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星对其有抑制作用。

In this paper, 1554 strains of bacteria were isolated from the soybean rhizophere in the different continuous systems. Those biocontrol bacteria were screened in vitro and in vivo. 6 strains of them had the better control efficacy. They exhibited the different antagonism to the pathogens of soybean root in vitro. The strains 18BR2-2 and 18BR9-1 showed a wide range of antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum, F. avenaoeum, F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani in vitro. The 6 strains exhibited different control efficacy to soybean root rot in greenhouse and in field. In greenhouse, they could decrease the degree of soybean disease significantly, and the control efficacy of 18BR2-2 was the best and can reach 45.90%. In theory, soybean treated by 18BR2-2 may postpone the days of outbreaking of disease for 6 days. The strain 18BR2-2 also promoted the growth of soybean seedling and, raising the soybean height for 11.24%, increasing dry weight for 40.91% and fresh weight for 35.27%.

本研究从长期连作田种植的大豆及其根际土壤中分离细菌1554株，采用平板测试、温室盆栽及田间试验等方法，筛选了对大豆根腐病菌(主要是尖孢镰孢菌Fusarium oxysporum)有很好作用效果的生防细菌6株，在离体的条件下均表现出不同程度的拮抗作用，其中生防细菌18BR2-2和18BR9-1表现出很广的杀菌谱，对大豆根腐病菌尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)、燕麦镰孢菌(F.avenaoeum)、茄腐镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌都有很好的离体拮抗作用，并且这6株生防细菌在盆栽和田间的情况下均表现出对大豆根腐病一定的防治效果。

In bud stage of mustards ecotype Xuelihong and Yuanyejie were transformed with in planta vacuum infiltration by an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 carrying hy-gromycin resistance gene. Effects of different factors on transformation frequency with in planta vacuum infiltration were studied.

以蕾期的芥菜生态型雪里蕻和圆叶芥为试材，在携带潮霉素磷酸转移酶标记基因的根癌农杆菌菌株GV3101的介导下，对影响芥菜植株原位真空渗入遗传转化效果的真空渗入时间、根癌农杆菌悬浮孢子的浓度、渗入培养基、感染方式以及根癌农杆菌菌株等进行研究。

The results show that there are 85 colonies of bacteria which can be divided into 9 genera, 28 pure colonies of actinomyces belong to 2 genera, 13 fungi culturists of 5 genera are gotten.

结果表明：从珙桐根际和非根际土壤中共得到细菌菌株85株，分属于9个属；放线菌菌株28株，分属于2个属；真菌菌株13株，分属于5个属。

Greenhouse pot tests showed that treatments with GJ23,NJ08 and NJ28 have greatly inhibited gall formation on tomato roots.

用GJ23，NJ08和NJ218的菌悬液进行的温室盆钵实验，结果表明不同的浓度处理均对番茄上南方根结线虫的根结形成有显著的抑制作用，其中2倍菌液处理的平均根结数比对照分别少51.4%、62.5%和54.5%；它们还对番茄的生长有明显促进作用，2倍稀释菌液处理组的番茄冠重分别比对照高39.8%、32.0%和60.5%。

The crude extracts of Sophora flavescens Ait were bioassayed by using growth-rate and pendant-drop methods for their fungicidal potential against six plant fungal pathogens at different concentrations.

采用生长速率法和悬滴法室内测试了不同浓度苦参提取物对葱菌核菌、番茄早疫菌、菜豆根腐菌、辣椒枯萎菌、黄瓜枯萎菌、茄子黄萎菌等6种蔬菜病原菌的抑菌活性。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。