菌体

The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides was 28℃, 28℃, and 28℃, respectively and those of C.

胶孢炭疽菌菌丝体生长、产孢和孢子萌发的最适温度都为28℃，黑线炭疽菌的分别为25，28和25℃。

Chlamydia infection induced dose-dependent NF-kappaB reporter activity in CHO╱CD14 cells and enhanced by TLR2 cotransfection. Furthermore, Chlamydial LPS and cHSP60 also be shown to induce NF-kB transactivation in early stage by CD14-dependent manner.

更进一步，分别利用披衣菌脂多醣体和热休克蛋白六十也可以藉由CD14在早期活化NF-kB，但只有热休克蛋白六十可以像披衣菌一样，藉由TLR2而加强NF-kB活化。

Arbuscular mycorrhiza was the widespread reciprocal benefit symbiont in the natural ecosystem, this study aimed to introduce the AM fungus and the host plant as well as the effect of environmental condition on the formation mechanism, and propose several questions which need to be paid attention to both in current domestic and foreign research.

丛枝菌根是自然生态系统中广泛分布的互惠共生体。主要介绍了AM真菌和宿主植物以及环境条件对其形成机制的影响，并提出了当前国内外在丛枝菌根生理生态学等方面研究需要注意的几点问题。

Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a product of the adaptive coevolution with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the long-term life process, and is a kind of beneficial symbiont of plants. It can promote the resistance ability of plants to poor surroundings, and accelerate plant growth. The seedlings of wild jujube were used as materials in this research.

丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza，AM)是植物在长期的生存过程中，与丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi，AMF)一起共同进化的结果，是一种有益共生体，它的存在有利于提高植物抵御不良环境的能力，促进植物生长。

Result The detection limit of the two systems were 0.1fg, equal to 2.31×10^4 copies, which was 10^2-10^3 fold higher than conventional PCR. By the constructed detection systems, the TCK and Tilletia cariesTul could be distinguished. The teliospore and mycelium of TCK in the infected wheat plant tissue also could be identified accurately and rapidly.

建立的两套定量PCR检测体系的检测下限相当，可达到0.1fg，对应的拷贝数为2.31×10^4个，检测灵敏度比常规PCR高2~3个数量级，均可成功鉴别出TCK与小麦网腥黑穗病菌Tilletia caries (DC Tul， TCT，并可快速准确检测小麦矮腥黑穗菌冬孢子和检测罹病小麦植株体内的侵染菌丝体。

Six strains of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae were isolated from disease tobaccos in Yongzhou and Ningxiang from heavy disease plots;. Pathogenicity was tested to six strains, the results shows the strain of phy3 have strong pathogenicity. We also studied the effect of several solutions for producing zoosporangium in Artificial culture condition, the result shows the hyphea culture with 0.1% KNO3 produced the most quantity of zoosporangiums.

2001～2003年，从湖南永州和宁乡等地发病重的田块采集病株共分离到烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)菌株6株，经离体叶片致病力筛选，烟草黑胫病菌株phy3为强致病力菌株，病情指数达到89％；并在实验室条件下，研究了几种溶液诱导孢子囊的产生效果，结果证明经0.1％KNO，处理产生孢子囊最多。

Achatina fulica was extracted with different solvents.The crude extracts were tested for antimicrobial activities against 5 species of index bacteria and fungi.

通过5种不同有机溶剂对非洲大蜗牛的软体部分进行浸泡提取，并用5种指示菌对提取物进行抗菌效果检测。

Somatic incompatibility test showed that the density of Armillaria ostoyae genet was lower in the northeast forest of the Changbai Mountain, and it existed in rhizomorphs which was main dissmination mode.

利用体细胞非亲和性的试验方法，鉴定出东北地区林木病原菌奥氏蜜环菌在林间的遗传体密度较低，是以菌索的形式存在，并为主要传播方式。

Dikaryosis is common in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, and results from the fusion of two monokaryotic mycelia of different mating types.

这种现象普遍存在于子囊菌和担子菌中。是两个不同交配类型的单核菌丝体融合的结果。

In the first section, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the level of lysozyme secreted by macrophages was first tested by bacteriolytic method; then the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the level of tartaric acid resistant acid phosphatase produced in macrophages was investigated by analyzing the phenol generated in the reaction that was catalyzed by the enzyme; the third, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the phagocytic activity of macrophages was observed by microscopy; the forth, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the production of complement C4 from macrophages was tested by hemolytic method; the fifth, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the expression of C3b receptors on the surface of macrophages was analyzed by observing the formation percentage of zymosan wreath; the sixth, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the respiratory burst in macrophages was tested by flow cytometry; the seventh, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the production of IL-1α and IL-1β from macrophages was tested by ELISA method.

在这一章中，首先，采用溶菌法考察合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞分泌溶菌酶水平的影响；其次，采用游离酚法研究合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞产生的耐酒石酸酸性磷酸酶水平的影响；第三，采用显微镜观察法考察合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响；第四，采用溶血法测定合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞产生的补体C4水平的影响；第五，采用酵母花环法检测合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞表面C3b受体水平的影响；第六，采用流式细胞术法观察合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞呼吸爆发的影响；第七，采用ELISA法探讨合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞产生IL-1α及IL-1β水平的影响。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。