菌体

The sludge in SBMBR1 presented granular characteristics and settled very well. The sludge in SBMBR1was brown and the sludge flocs was smashed by the shear force due to high intensity of aeration. The sludge size decreased and the sludge flocs blended with water forming ropy solutions, and there was no distinguish interface between water and sludge. Low sludge age and high loading operation enabled the sludge in SBMBR1 keeping higher sludge activity and the MLVSS/MLSS ratio and SOUR values of SBMBR1 were higher than SBMBR2. Both in SBMBR1 and SBMBR2, there were large amount of zoogloea, bacillus, coryneform of bacteria, and pediococcus. However, in SBMBR1 there were also a lot of Protozoa like epistylis and etc. A certain amount of filamentous bacteria can also be found in SBMBR1. The biological species in SBMBR1 were much more abundant than that in SBMBR2.3. Membrane fouling on flat-sheets membrane was observed and analyzed with AFM, SEM and TEM. After the measurement of membrane surface EPS and membrane surface ETX analysis, the pollutants composition on the surface of flat-sheets membrane was calculated.

从外观观察SBMBR1反应器中的活性污泥呈浅黄色，随着运行时间的增加，污泥粒径逐步增加，SV、SVI值逐步下降，呈现出较强的颗粒特征，沉降性能良好；SBMBR2污泥呈土黄色，污泥絮体被高强度的曝气所产生的切应力所打碎，污泥粒径迅速降低，絮体较为细碎，和水相混合成均一粘稠的溶液，看不到泥水分界面；低泥龄、高负荷运行，使得SBMBR1可以保持较高的微生物活性，MLVSS/MLSS值、SOUR值均高于SBMBR2；两级反应器活性污泥中均有大量的菌胶团，长杆菌、短杆菌和球菌是构成主体，但SBMBR1活性污泥中含有大量固着型原生动物如累枝虫等，还存在着一定数量的丝状菌，生物相要比SBMBR2丰富。3、借助原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段对平板膜污染现象进行观测和分析，并通过膜表面污染物EPS测定、污染膜表面能谱分析，得出平板膜表面污染物的组成。

In vitro inoculation technology of Rhododendron fortunei L . with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and its inoculation effect;2. Observation on Microstructure of Mycorrhizal Root of Rhododendron fortunei L .;3. In this experiment, Rhododendron fortunei L .

本文研究以云锦杜鹃幼苗以及自野生云锦杜鹃根系分离出的菌根真菌为材料，探索云锦杜鹃和菌根真菌形成菌株共生体的最佳接种体系及其菌根真菌和云锦杜鹃的组合效应研究，并根据效应筛选出优良的菌株，为菌根化苗促进生产提供技术基础。

The fungicidal activity of methanol extract was higher than that of ethylacetate extract. The bioassay showed that the methanol extracts of strain As fermentation products had certain degree fungicidical activity against Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria longipes, Glomerella cingulata, Curvulavia lunata, Gibberella zeae, Valsa malt under the concentration of 4000μg/mL, the inhibiting ratio against pathogen growth was ranging from 62.9%~85.1%; The results of the inhibition of spore germination indicated that the fermentation products exhibited obvious inhibition rate against Alternaria longipes, the EC50 values was 62.5328μg/mL; The bioassay showed that the methanol extracts of strain As fermentation products had certain degree fungicidical activity against Bacillus cereus , Bacillus subtilis.

其中甲醇提取物的抑菌活性较乙酸乙酯好，在4000μg/mL浓度下对番茄灰霉病菌、烟草赤星病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、玉米弯孢叫斑病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌6种植物病原真菌均有抑制作用，抑制率在62.9%~85.1%；抑制孢子萌发试验表明：菌丝体甲醇提取物对烟草赤星病菌的毒力较好，其EC50仅为62.5328μg/mL；抑制细菌活性表明菌丝体甲醇提取物对蜡状芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有一定的抑制作用，而对大肠杆菌无明显的抑制作用。

The protoplast fusion between hyperparasitic Streptomyces strain F46 and Actinomyces strain SC11 was studied in order to improve the effect of wild actinomyces strains to control plant diseases, solve the problems in application of the biocontrol strains, explore the method of protoplast fusion and get the recombinants with some excellent characteristics of both parents.

为了提高野生生防放线菌株的防病效果，克服以往生防菌应用方面存在的诸多弊端，探索简单易行的人工改良生防放线菌的途径，我们选用重寄生链霉菌F46和放线菌SC11作为亲本，进行了双亲原生质体融合研究，以期得到整合双亲多种优良性状的工程菌株。

Objective\ To study the susceptibility,sensitivity and antibody of Meriones meridianus in Tarim Basin to Yersinia pestis isolated from Marmota himalayana (strain No.21106), isolated from Marmota baibacina in Uqia, Xinjiang (strain No.98005), isolated from M.unguiculatus; To study the time of matrilineal antibody in newborn M.meridianus.

目的 研究塔里木盆地子午沙鼠对从新疆和田喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫疫源地分离的 470 0 4号鼠疫菌、乌恰县灰旱獭体分离的 2 110 6号菌株和内蒙古长爪沙鼠体分离的 980 0 5号鼠疫菌株感染子午沙鼠在病理改变、感受性、敏感性、二次感染后抗性等方面有无差异，仔鼠体内的母系抗体维持时间。

Then, they were transferred into the mycelium culture fluid which includes 30% sucrose and 1% or 1.5% glycin under the condition of 20℃, 150 rpm for 48 h. In order to obtain protoplasts of mass and high quality, the strain F46 protoplasts given after combination use of the 10 mg·mL-1 lysozyme and 10 mg·mL-1 snailase at 34℃for 3 h; and the SC1 was treated by 10 mg·mL-1 lysozyme at 34℃for 2.5 h.

确定了双亲原生质体形成与再生的最佳条件：菌株F46、SC1采用二次菌丝培养，即在蔗糖含量20%菌丝培养液里，25℃条件下150 rpm培养48 h；然后按15%的接种量转接到蔗糖含量30%，甘氨酸含量分别为1%、1.5%的菌丝培养液中，同样条件下，继续培养48 h；在34℃条件下，菌株F46用等量混合的蜗牛酶和溶菌酶20 mg·mL-1，菌株SC1用10 mg·mL-1溶菌酶，分别酶解3 h、2.5 h，不仅有大量的原生质体形成，且再生率也高。

Results indicated that pesticides show different variability in certain extent in relative response between different matrixes. Certain pesticides are matrix-dependent such as chlorothalonil, paraoxon, deltamethrin, methamidophos, acephate etc, among them, chlorothalonil have better relative response in acidic matrixes (as orange, tomato, grape, kiwi fruit) but have serious suppression in scallion, onion, garlic, leek, lotus root etc.

结果表明，各农药相对响应值具有不同程度差异，个别农药显示了较强的基质依赖特点(如百菌清、对氧磷、溴氰菊酯、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷)；其中百菌清在酸性基质橙子、番茄、葡萄、猕猴桃、蘑菇中稳定，其基质对百菌清起到了保护性作用，且能够抑制或减少溴氰异构体2向异构体1的转化；而在大葱、洋葱、蒜、藕、梨等基质中存在显著的降解或抑制作用。

As protein of bacteria and fungi is with negative charge. The antibacterial functional mass, grafted by assembling chemical method, is positive electric polarity. Thus, the antibacterial functional mass is absorbed to the cell of microorganism by the principle of unlike charges attracting. This will influence the normal breath and metabolism of the cell and causes the cell membrane to rupture. In this way, its product realizes the function of being antibacterial, antiviral, and mildew-proof

分子组装抗菌技术主要是通过化学接枝的方法，将精选的抗菌功能团组装到基体树脂的分子链上，利用抗菌功能团的正电性与细菌的带负电蛋白质的异性相吸原理，将微生物细胞吸附，并影响细胞的正常呼吸和代谢功能，造成细胞的破裂，达到抗菌的目的，从而使产品达到了真正意义上的持久抗菌。

Conditions placing persons at prolonged increased risk for meningococcal disease include persistent complement component deficiencies (such as C3, properdin, Factor D, and late complement component deficiencies), anatomic or functional asplenia, and prolonged exposure (eg, microbiologists routinely working with Neisseria meningitidis, or travelers to or residents of countries where meningococcal disease is hyperendemic or epidemic).

使人们持续处於感染脑膜炎球菌疾病高风险的因子，包括持续的补体缺乏（例如C3、备解素、D因子、以及后期补体缺乏），解剖或是功能性脾脏功能丧失、以及延长暴露（例如经常处理奈氏脑膜炎球菌的微生物学家、或是到脑膜炎球菌大流行或流行国家旅行或居住的人们）。

Shrimp red body disease: the pathogens are vibrio parahaemolyticus 、vibrio anguillarum 、vibrio alginolyticus 、 aeromonas 、Pseudomonas , mainly against to the shrimp ,the mortality rate is up to 90%.

虾红体病：病原有副溶血弧菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻胶弧菌、气单胞菌、假单胞菌，主要危害对虾，死亡率可达90%以上。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。