菌体

Species animalcula were isolated from the wounds of Dracaena cochinchinenis stems. During culture period, the culture mediums or the mycelia of four species among the animalcula turned red, which is in some degree similar to the colour of dragon's blood. They were identified as Fusarium graminearum, and another unknown three species of Fusarium.

从剑叶龙血树茎干损伤部位及叶子斑块部位共分离得到24种微生物，其中有4种在培养时候，培养基或菌体本身不同程度的呈现红色，在一定程度上与龙血竭的颜色相类似，经鉴定，它们是Fusarium graminearm和三种未知镰刀菌属真菌Fusarium sp。。

ResultsA slide of bacterial suspension with a concentration of 1.5×1012/L , to be placed at 37 ℃ for 10 min then stained by carbolfuchsin for 10-15 min. Under a microscope, a clear background with red thalli and faint red flagellum could be seen in 80%-90% of the bacteria.

结果 浓度为1.5×1012/L的菌悬液37 ℃放置10 min制片，用石炭酸复红法染色10～15 min，水洗，干燥镜检，其背景清晰，80%～90%的细菌有鞭毛，菌体红色，鞭毛淡红色，染色效果理想。

The strains were selected with liquid fermentation method and the strain was identified through the observation of the growth of the samples cultured for 18, 48 and 72 hours under the treatment of smear stained with crystal violet dye.

采用液体发酵的方法筛选降解苄嘧磺隆的菌株，分别于18、48、72 h取发酵液，用结晶紫染液涂片染色，观察细菌的生长情况，对涂片结果中菌体生长较好的菌种进行菌种鉴定。

It can decompound omethoate with high efficiency and even survive under 3g/L omethoate. The degradation was related to the trend of the growth of the strain dynamically.

通过对NWB-36有机磷农药降解特性的研究，结果表明，该菌对有机磷农药的降解具有遗传稳定性、广谱性和高效性，可耐受3g/L的氧化乐果，降解呈现动态变化，与菌体的生长趋势呈现一定的相关性。

Hyphae may grow loosely or form a compacted mass of pseudoparenchyma giving well-defined structures, as in toadstools.

真菌通常为腐生或寄生，由单细胞或丝状体组成，它们构成菌体或菌丝体。

The apical buds of Celosia cristata were used as the explants for the rapid propagation to compare the mutagenic effects treated with colchicines at different concentrations and time duration in tissue culture.

以鸡冠花顶芽为外植体，研究其离体快繁程序并在无菌体繁殖条件下探索了秋水仙素溶液不同浓度和时间处理对鸡冠花的诱变效应。

The effects of four factors (concentration and the quantity of NaOH,temperature and heating time) on the protein recovery were studied on the base of the analysis of mycelium residue of itaconic acid fermentation.

研究了衣康酸工业化生产中所产生的土曲霉废菌丝体的主要组成成分，用碱液提取的方法进行了蛋白质的提取回收实验，考察了NaOH溶液浓度、用量、加热温度及时间对菌丝体脱蛋白效果的影响，结果表明衣康酸菌体脱蛋白的最优条件为：NaOH液浓度0。

The medium composition and some fermentation parameters were studied by cross test and single factor experiments. The optimal conditions are as flows: Tryptone 0.76 %, Bean powder 1.0 %,initial pH 8.0, temperature 28 ℃, inoculation quantity 8 % and loading volume 30 %. Under optimal conditions, the maximum yield of biomass and microbial lipids reached 29.8 g/L and 11.7 g/L, respectively, which was 2.59 times and 2.05 times of those cultured in the original medium, after 9 days fed-batch co-fermentation in shake-flask.

采用单因子和正交实验对培养基组成和发酵条件进行了优化，结果表明，诱变菌在温度28 ℃，pH 8.0，接种量8 %，装液量30 %，蛋白胨0.76 %和豆粕1 %，分批补糖的最优发酵条件下发酵9 d，生物量和菌体油脂积累量分别达29.8 g/L和11.7 g/L，较出发菌提高了2.59倍和2.05倍，同时原料糖利用率达到99.4 %。

By this method, the productivity of 3. 18g/l extracellular polysaccharides was obtained. The optimum extraction method was obtained by RSA. It was determined as follows: 91. 4 ℃, 2. 9h, the weight ratio between mycelia and water was 1 to 3. The productivity was 12. 38% of dry mycelia. Set the purifying methods of Grifola frondosa: Precipitated polysaccharides part by 60% ethanol→removed protein by Sevag method→removed coloring matter by H〓O〓→removed salts by dialyse→DEAE-cellulose column chromatogram→ purified polysaccharides groups.

对于胞内多糖的提取，采用湿菌体经捣碎再高压破壁的方式破碎菌体细胞，采用响应面分析法得出优化后的提取条件为：提取温度91.4℃，提取时间2.9h，料水比1：3，此提取条件下胞内粗多糖的率为干菌体重的12.38％建立了灰树花多糖分离纯化的技术路线 60％乙醇沉淀的粗多糖→Sevag法脱蛋白→H〓O〓脱色→透析脱盐→DEAE-纤维素层析分离→多糖组分。

To identify the strain, the 16S rDNA sequence was compared with type strains of the same genus. The result can be abtained according to the homology.9 strains of Lactic acid cocci were isolated from milk and silages.

将含有阳性重组子的菌体进行测序，所得结果分别与Genbank上发表的同属的代表菌株的16S rDNA序列比较，得到相似性百分比，则可判定菌株的归属。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。