菊科草本植物

The floristic components have character as following: geographic -al elements of species is relatively simple;there are more species of world distributi -on and tropical genera,and there have world blazon predestined relationship and tropical predestined relationship.Composite,standing grain,legumina have absolutely predominance make of the backbone of floristic.Seed plants are mainly made up of herbage plants.

种子植物区系成分具有以下特点：种的地理成分相对简单；表现出明显的亚热带特征，并具有热带向温带过渡的特点；菊科、禾本科、豆科占有绝对优势，构成植物区系的骨干；种子植物主要由草本植物组成，草本植物占绝对优势。

Any of several perennial herbs of the genus Boltonia in the composite family, having flower heads with white to purplish rays and yellow centers.

波菊属植物菊科波菊属的一种多年生草本植物，长有白色至紫色的伞形花和黄色中心的头状花序

Chrysanthemum Asteraceae perennial herb, is one of our traditional Chinese herbal medicines commonly used, mainly for medicinal capitulum.

菊花为菊科多年生草本植物，是我国传统的常用中药材之一，主要以头状花序供药用。

Canadian goldenrod is a perennial rhizomatic plant native to North America; it was introduced into China as ornamental plant in 1935, and has become one of the detrimental weeds in Shanghai.

加拿大一枝黄花是菊科多年生草本植物，同时具有无性繁殖和有性繁殖的习性，原产于北美洲。1935年作为观赏花卉引入中国之后逸生为杂草，现已成为上海最为常见的恶性杂草之一，对本地的生物多样性造成了严重的威胁。

By stepwise regression analysis, it shows that there are several vegetation factors, which are grasses height diversity, grasses species number, gompositae dominance degree, gramineae dominance degree and other grasses dominance degree affect the species and numbers of orthopteran.

通过多元逐步回归发现，影响直翅目昆虫种类和数量变化的植被因素有草本植物高度多样性、草本植物种数、菊科优势度、禾本科优势度、其它科优势度。

Puna Chicory (Cichorium Intybus L.), a perennial herbaceous plant of Compositae family, is aboriginal in Europe. It is made use of for the material of feedstuff and sugar refining.

普那菊苣原产于欧洲，为菊科多年生宿根草本植物，国外广泛用于饲料、制糖等原料。

The results were as follows:(1) Seeds of 80 species or subspecies could be classified into two groups. Group Ⅰ included the seeds of Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Amaranthaceae, and Group Ⅱ included the seeds of Compositae, Euphorbiaceae, Brassicaceae and Umbelliferae.(2) Only FTIRs of the seeds of Brassicaceae were clustered together in the dendrogram,while those of the other families all appeared farraginous.(3) Among FTIRs of the 11 groups of the congeneric species,8 groups were clustered with other genus species, and 6 out of 7 groups of conspecific seeds appeared farraginous in the dendrogram.

结果表明：(1)80种草本植物的种子可以分成两类，第1类由禾本科、莎草科、蓼科和苋科植物的种子组成；第2类由菊科、大戟科、十字花科和伞形科植物的种子组成；(2)聚类图上，只有十字花科植物的种子能较好地与其他科的相区别；(3)在11组同属不同种植物中，有8组植物与亲缘关系不同的其他属的植物混在一起；在7组同种不同亚种或品种植物中，仅有1组植物被聚合在一起。

Group I included the seeds of Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Amaranthaceae, and Group II included the seeds of Compositae, Euphorbiaceae, Brassicaceae and Umbelliferae.(2) Only FTIRs of the seeds of Brassicaceae were clustered together in the dendrogram, while those of the other families all appeared farraginous.(3) Among FTIRs of the 11 groups of the congeneric species, 8 groups were clustered with other genus species, and 6 out of 7 groups of conspecific seeds appeared farraginous in the dendrogram.

结果表明：（1）80种草本植物的种子可以分成两类，第1类由禾本科、莎草科、蓼科和苋科植物的种子组成；第2类由菊科、大戟科、十字花科和伞形科植物的种子组成；（2）聚类图上，只有十字花科植物的种子能较好地与其他科的相区别；（3）在11组同属不同种植物中，有8组植物与亲缘关系不同的其他属的植物混在一起；在7组同种不同亚种或品种植物中，仅有1组植物被聚合在一起。

DNA C-values might be one of important indices in the evaluation of angiospermous invasiveness. To test this viewpoint, we compared DNA 1C-values and basic genome sizes in 3,676 angiosperms. The results suggest that:(1) the two nuclear values vary greatly among different groups, e.g., significantly higher in herbs than in trees, in monocots than in dicots, in perennials than in non-perennials;(2) the two nuclear values both have significant effects on plant invasiveness, especially in herbs, dicots, monocots, perennials, non-perennials, diploids, polyploids, Compositae, and Poaceae, while not significant in trees and Fabaceae.

DNA C值与被子植物入侵性密切相关，为考察应用DNA C值评估被子植物入侵性的可靠性和局限性，我们统计分析了全世界范围内3676种被子植物的DNA 1C值（配子未发生DNA复制时的染色体DNA含量）及基因组大小（单个染色体组的DNA 含量），结果表明：1）DNA 1C值和基因组大小在被子植物不同类群中差异极大，例如在草本植物中显著高于木本植物，单子叶植物显著高于双子叶植物，多年生植物显著高于非多年生植物；2）两项指标都与被子植物入侵性显著负相关，尤其是在草本植物、双子叶植物、单子叶植物、多年生植物、非多年生植物、二倍体、多倍体、菊科和禾本科中，然而在木本植物、豆科植物中其与植物入侵性无显著关系。

Either of two eastern North American herbs Heterotheca subaxillaris or Pluchea camphorata, of the composite family, having numerous small flower heads.

樟脑草北美东部两种菊科草本植物腋下异宗菊或樟脑阔苞菊之一，长有许多小花苞

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。