获得应用

In recent years lasers have found a wide variety of practical applications.

在最近几年，激光已经获得广泛的实际应用。

To solve the exsisting problems in the realization of the LFM/CW radar, the thesis presents a technique for dynamically measuring the LFM/CW signals, which can accomplish the dynamic measurements of FM linearity, FM bandwidth and FM slop of the transmitted signals of LFM/CW radars. This technique creates an effective and accurate means of judging the performance of LFMCW radars. The linearity-correction techniques presented in the thesis successfully make the linearity of the transmitted signals of an actual LFM/CW radar reduce from approximately 25% to 0. 1%(or r. m. s linearity of 0.04%), better than the best results (0.22%) obtained by foreign researchers with complex linearization closed-loop in the same kind of LFM/CW radars, according to the published literatures during the last decade. In order to improve the capability of the real-time processing and range-cells management of LFM/CW radars, the principle of equivalent mixing by lacking-sampling process of band-pass real signals is proposed based on the well-proved improvedversion of sampling theorem of band-pass real signals. This principle is used to configure the range-segments processing of the beat signals of an actual LFM/CW radar. The techniques of system-background interference suppression and the beat signal's dynamic range suppression are proposed, and are realized in an actual LFM/CW radar to demonstrate their effectiveness.

针对线性调频连续波雷达实现中急待解决的技术问题，文中提出并验证了线性调频连续波信号的综合动态测试技术，可以完成对线性调频连续波雷达发射信号的扫频线性度、扫频带宽和扫频斜率的综合动态测试，为衡量实际线性调频连续波雷达的系统性能创立了精确有效的测试手段；文中建立的非实时闭环动态校正技术使一部实际的线性调频连续波雷达的发射信号（时带积3×10〓）的扫频线性度从25%改善为0.1%（方均根线性度0.04%），优于国外已公布的80年代同类雷达中采用复杂的实时闭环动态校正环路所获得的实际结果（0.22%）；为了改善线性调频连续波雷达的实时性和分辨单元数处理能力，文中发展完善了实带通信号的采样定理并给予了严格证明，并在此基础上提出了欠采样等效混频原理，将其应用于实际线性调频连续波雷达的距离分段处理中；针对线性调频连续波雷达中系统背景干扰和回波动态范围问题，创立了系统背景综合抑制技术和频域动态范围压缩技术，并将它应用于实孔线性调频连续波雷达系统中，显示出它们的有效性。

At that time, due to an immature market factors, the lack of active market, fair value is often difficult to obtain, leading enterprises in the use of these accounting criteria There is a certain arbitrariness, and thus left to the fair value of the abuse of loopholes, a profit of manipulation "Therefore, the new guidelines on the new system and operational matters dealing with the economy as much as possible by avoiding the 'fair value' pricing, according to the book value recorded." 2006 promulgated by the new accounting standards clearly require the use of fair-value model, this is not only the application of fair value measurement of financial instruments from the non-financial tools to the change, as well as for the application of fair value of a turning point - by the controversy "is used" to the "How a" turning point.

原因是由于当时要素市场不成熟，缺乏活跃的市场，公允价值往往难以获得，导致企业在运用这些会计准则时存在一定的随意性，从而也给滥用公允价值留下空子，出现人为操纵利润的情况，&因此，新准则和新制度对有关经济业务事项的处理尽可能地回避了按'公允价值'计价，而改按账面价值入账&。2006 年新颁布的会计准则明确要求采用公允价值模式，这不仅是公允价值计量的应用由金融工具向非金融工具的转变，也是对我国公允价值应用的一个转折点——由争论&是否采用&到&如何采用&的转折点。

In summary, various key experimental conditions in electron acoustic imaging of ferroelectric domains were systematically studied. The optimum experimental conditions to obtain EAI of domains with good quality and the factors important to image analysis have been presented. The piezoelectric vibrator model and calculation of motion equation are helpful for explaining the imaging mechanism and related experimental phenomena. The sample holder with variable electric field was designed. The domain movement of BaTiO〓 ceramics and crystal under lateral and longitudinal applied electric field and domain movement of PMN-PT crystal under longitudinal poling electric field were observed. The application of SEAM on revealing of ferroelastic domains, imaging of residual stress distribution in ceramics coatings and around the pores on the surface of ferroelectric ceramic composite have been reported respectively. All these works enriched the study of electron acoustic imaging and extended the application of SEAM in the characterization of materials.

综上所述，本文系统地研究了各项关键实验条件对电畴电声成像的影响，指出了获得最佳畴结构电声像的条件和成像分析中应当考虑的各种影响因素；提出了解释电畴电声成像的压电振子模型，在此基础上推导并求解了压电振子运动方程，并对一些实验现象作出了解释；成功地设计了可变电场的样品台，观察了BaTiO〓陶瓷和晶体在横向电场作用下的畴运动，PMN-PT晶体在纵向极化电场作用下的畴运动；探索了电声显微镜在铁弹畴成像，陶瓷涂层应力观察，陶瓷自然表面气孔周围应力成像的应用，这些研究，丰富了电声成像的学术内涵，拓展了电声显微镜的应用领域。

This paper studies the effect of consequent post heat treatment on the mechanical property and shape memory ratio of the welded TiNi joints in TiNi shape memory alloy precise pulse resistance butt welding,analyzes the joint structures and fractographies affecting mechanical property and shape memory ratio of welded joint by using strength testing, SEM and TEM, gets the optimum welding parameters obtaining good shape recovery ratio welded joint, and has discovered the inherent reason for proper consequent post heat treatment to promote the joint shape recovery ratio from microcosmic point.

摘 要：采用拉伸测试、SEM、TEM和定点成分能谱分析等手段研究了随机后热处理对TiNi形状记忆合金精密脉冲电阻对焊焊接接头力学性能、形状恢复率的影响，并对影响接头力学性能和形状恢复率的接头组织和形貌进行了研究，得出了获得具有较高形状恢复率接头的焊接参数，从微观角度揭示了随机后热处理提高接头形状恢复率的内在原因，为TiNi形状记忆合金的开发和应用提供了基础，具有重大的理论和实际应用价值。

The relationships between strain and stress of several kinds of high strength fibers, such as Kevlar, Twaron and Dyneema were obtained, and the dependence of mechanical properties of fibers on the strain rate was gotten and explained from the microstructures and deformation mechanism of fibers. Then, the damage and failures of plates with the reinforcement of fibers under high velocity impacting were studied experimentally. Based on experimental results, a set of equations was presented to depicted the deceleration of penetrator. The dynamic response of fiber cluster and sandwich were simulated successfully with a new algorithm and code, which was developped by our group. The coupling effect of stress wave and thermal conduction could be considered with acceptable accuracy and CPU time.

其中，获得了以芳纶纤维为代表的7种纤维的动态应力应变关系，从材料微观机制解释了纤维束的应变率相关特征；得到了板材在高速冲击下的能量吸收机理，以及影响能量吸收机制转变的主要因素；发展了一种新型的原位光学测试技术，以之可以测量试件在冲击加载下的变形场及其演化，该技术除了在本项目应用外，还可以对剪切带的萌生演化、孔洞动态扩张规律进行较好的观察，以弥补相关研究中实验证据的缺乏；发展了含热传导的冲击动力学有限元程序，在侵彻、绝热剪切带、脉冲激光诱导结构破坏等问题的分析中得到了较好的应用。

We have analyzed several nowavailable recovery algorithms and have deduced the sufficient and necessary condition for the recovery of the traffic pattern.

如何在目前获得最为广泛应用的IP网的环境下传输实时业务，是当前IP网上有关协议和应用领域研究的一个方向。

The compound tray holds excellent features , it has been successfully used in industry namely , methane alcohol ethanol , methyl aeetyl distillations and etc It is also expected to have a broad prospect for applications in other chemical industry field In this paper , many studies are concerned with the gas liquid duallowing the hole and oscillating regulation of the compound tray by experiments These studies will provide theoretical and experimental foundation for the design and improvement of the compound tray The main part of which is a 500 mm inner diameter three compound trays column , serving as a hydrodynamic model , the system air ?

复合塔板以其优良的性能，在甲醇、乙醇和丙酮等生产精馏装置中获得了成功的应用，并在其它化工生产领域有着广泛的应用前景。本论文旨在通过实验研究复合塔板上气液穿孔流动及波动波动规律，为复合塔的设计和结构改进提供理论和实验依据。实验是在一塔径500mm的冷模塔内，以空气—水为物系，在常压下进行实验。

This paper presents detecting technology status of circular polarization and evolvement of duallinear polarization, and new application to detecting atmosphere of polarimetric technology, and prospects future meteorological application of polarimetric detecting technology.

介绍了微波圆偏振技术现状和双线偏振测量技术体制的重要进展，以及近年在气象应用中所获得的最新研究结果，展望了偏振探测技术的应用前景。

This paper presents detecting technology status of circular polarization and evolvement of dual-linear polarization, and new application to detecting atmosphere of polarimetric technology, and prospects future meteorological application of polarimetric detecting technology.

介绍了微波圆偏振技术现状和双线偏振测量技术体制的重要进展，以及近年在气象应用中所获得的最新研究结果，展望了偏振探测技术的应用前景。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。