荒漠化

These results suggest that the effects of fertile island increase when the saline meadow degrades into shrubland and then decreases during the shrubland evolved into sandy desert.

这种变化反映了荒漠化在该地区发展所处的不同阶段，而肥岛中SOC和TN的富集系数是反映这种变化的有效指标。

The change of landuse patterns in 1977-1998 shows indirectly the desertified land had been restored and is being restored. The relationship between landuse patterns and soil types was also analysed in this paper, from 1977 to 1998, the areas of rangeland and mobile sand dunes decreased in most soil types and the areas of woodland, shrubland and farmland increased, which means that the modification of landuse patterns due to limitation of soil types will be helpful to desertification control.

同时土地利用格局的时空变化与土壤类型间关系的分析表明，1977-1998的20余年间，在四种主要土壤类型上各种土地利用类型的变化具有一定的规律性，草牧场和流动沙地的面积基本上呈减小的趋势（分布在风沙土上的草牧场面积除外），而乔木林地，灌木林地和农地面积均为增加的趋势，这说明在土壤类型这一土地自然属性的严重制约下，人们被迫调整其土地利用格局，从而有效地遏制了荒漠化的发生和发展。

The analyses of social and economic development indicate that, up to 1998, the total population in Yijinholo County is 143, 949 persons, the population density is 24 persons per square kilometer, large population number results in land exploitation for food and overgrazing in rangeland. The change in temporal and spatial pattern of landuse from 1977 to 1998 demonstrates that mobile sand dunes was replaced by rangeland and woodland and partial shrubland in the middle of study area changed into rangeland and farmland from 1977 to 1987, while mobile sand dunes and rangeland transformed into shrubland and farmland in a small parts from 1987 to 1998, the above-mentioned change is proved by the change of fractal dimension index and fragmentation index at landscape and its element levels.

对近50年来伊旗社会经济发展的分析结果表明，虽然人口增长率基本上呈下降趋势，但由于人口基数较大，截至1998年底，伊金霍洛旗的人口总数达143949人，人口密度为24人／平方公里，较高的人口密度带来了更多的生存需求，使得大量的草牧场被开垦，而剩余的则严重超载。1977-1998年间伊土地利用结构总体格局变化的分析结果表明，1977-1987时段内主要是流动沙地为草牧场和乔木林地所取代，伴随着中部的部分灌木林地转换为草牧场和农地：而1987-1998时段内主要是草牧场和流沙地为灌木林地和农地特别是灌木林地所取代，而景观及各景观要素的分维度指数和破碎度指数的变化也充分证实了这一结论，虽然在前10年（1977-1987年）中大面积的灌木林被砍伐，但土地利用格局的整体变化间接地反映出该时段内荒漠化的状况正在发生逆转。

In order to study the variations of fertile island during the process of desertification, the authors investigated and analyzed the soil chemical characteristics beneath and around the tamarisk shrub, the tamarisk δ^13C in saline meadow, tamarisk shrubland and sandy desert landscape in northern Taklamakan Desert, northwestern China.

为探索荒漠化过程中肥岛效应的变化规律，选择盐化草甸、灌丛及沙漠3种景观类型，测定了柽柳灌丛下和灌丛间空地土壤有机碳、全氮、水分含量以及柽柳营养枝δ^13C等指标，并用土壤养分的富集系数来表征肥岛效应的强弱。

Correlation analysis of area change and its constituent of farmland in Guangdong province indicated that the adjustment of agricultural structure and the use of unstatistic land were critical to the decrease in farmland. The former was used for fishpond and the later occupied 1/3 of the decreased area.

水土保持与荒漠化防治论文：采用统计方法，对广东省历年耕地及其构成进行相关分析，结果表明广东省耕地减少的原因主要是农业结构调整和其它未统计耕地减少；在近几年未统计耕地减少和结构调整中的改鱼塘占用分别约占耕地总减少量的1/3。

Analysis on the economic structure, essential productive factors and economic activities in the studied area proved that the backward economic structure and inferior productive factor are not only the results of passively acclimatizing the geographical environment, but also the reasons that lead to the irrational economic activities and the sacrifice of geographical environment in order to survive and develop.

对研究区域的经济结构、生产要素和经济行为3个方面分析认为，落后的产业结构和低劣的生产要素既是被动适应地理环境的结果，又成为导致人类不良经济行为和以牺牲地理环境为代价来求得生存发展的原因，防治荒漠化不应忽视通过改变现有经济结构、生产要素等途径和运用经济杠杆等手段规范人类活动。

We have set up the following targets on greenhouse gas emission control to be met in 2010: cut energy intensity by around 20 percent from the 2005 level, increase the share of renewable energy in primary energy supplies to 10 percent, keep industrial emissions of nitrous oxide at the 2005 level, increase forest cover to 20 percent, add 24 million hectares of grassland, treat 52 million hectares of degraded, sandified and alkalinized grassland, increase the share of nature reserves to about 16 percent of China's total landmass, and treat 22 million hectares of desertified land.

我们明确提出了控制温室气体排放的具体任务，包括到2010年实现单位国内生产总值能源消耗比2005年降低20%左右、可再生能源在一次能源供应结构中的比重提高到10%、将工业氧化亚氮排放稳定在2005年水平，同时努力实现森林覆盖率达到20%、新增改良草地2400万公顷、治理退化和沙化及碱化草地5200万公顷、自然保护区面积占国土总面积比例达到16%左右、治理荒漠化土地面积2200万公顷等。

This study will offer scientific basis and important consults to combat desertification ,and it is import in theory and reality.

本研究为荒漠化的防治提供了科学依据和重要参考，具有较强的理论和现实意义。

In Peru, environmentalists involved in such projects work with cocoa farmers who live in remote villages near heavily deforested regions.

在秘鲁，环境学家和住在靠近荒漠化区域、偏远村落的可可亚农夫合作了像这样的计画。

Under the inflence of piling up natural factor and artificial fac-tor, Xinjiang desert is seriously imperilling oasis ecology environment.

在自然因素和人为因素叠加影响下，新疆的荒漠化越来越严重威胁到绿洲生态环境。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。